RIPLEY RIPON. 



387 



kept informed of the proceedings of the meeting. The j of Chippewa, and was wounded at Niagara. In the 

 first speaker was quite moderate, the second more defence of Fort Erie he was shot through the neck, but 

 violent, and the third was so outrageous and his advice recovered and received from Congress a gold medal, 

 was received by the crowd with such marks of approval Resigning from the army in 1820, he settled in Louisi- 

 that the police captains decided that a serious riot ana, where he practised law. In 1835 he was elected 

 could only be prevented by dispersing the meeting. A j to Congress and was still a member when he died at 

 line of 170 policemen was formed and marched up | West leliciana, La., March 2, 1839. 

 DCS Plaines street. When near the wagon from which RIPLEY, HENRY JONES (1798-1875), Baptist min- 



the Anarchist orators had been speaking, the police 

 halted and Capt. Wood ordered the crowd to disperse. 

 Their answer was as terrible as it was unexpected. 

 First a dynamite bomb was thrown into the midst of 

 the police and this was immediately followed by a mur- 

 derous fire from the revolvers of the rioters. Seven 

 policemen were killed and more than fifty wounded. 

 But the well disciplined force did not quail ; drawing 

 their revolvers, they charged and dispersed the rioters 

 after killing and wounding a large number. 



Eight of the Anarchist leaders were arrested and 

 tried in the following July. They were all convicted 

 of murder, and according to the laws of Illinois their 

 punishment was fixed by the jury which convicted 

 them. One was sentenced to fifteen years' imprison- 

 ment, and seven were condemned to death. They 

 were defended by able counsel and after conviction 

 every resource known to the law was exhausted in the 

 endeavor to escape the verdict. The case was carried 

 to the State Supreme Court and then to the U. S. 

 Supreme Court. By both these courts the verdict was 

 affirmed. As a last resort recourse was had to the 

 pardoning power and the mercy of the governor was 

 invoked. This was so far successful that the sentences 

 of two of the criminals were commuted to imprison- 

 ment for life. One of the others succeeded in obtain- 

 ing the means of manufacturing a small dynamite bomb, 

 with which he committed suicide by exploding it in his 

 mouth. The other four were hanged Nov. 11, 1887. 



_An impartial examination of the history of a riot 

 will in almost every case show that it is an unmitigated 

 evil. By far the greater part of the terror and de- 

 struction by which a riot is accompanied falls upon 

 those who are in no way responsible for the causes 

 which have produced it. For this reason a riot tends 

 to array the opinions and sentiments of the majority of 

 peaceable and law-abidine citizens not only against the 

 rioters themselves but also against the objects the ac- 

 complishment of which the rioters are striving to 

 advance. Hence a riot is almost invariably not only a 

 crime but a blunder. When a riotous assembly assumes 

 the dimensions of a nioli the great majority of the 

 crowd is, in almost every case, composed of persons 

 whose presence is due to curiosity alone. There is 

 abundant evidence to show that many riots which have 

 appeared formidable in extent, which have been ac- 

 companied by immense destruction of property, and 

 which have required the united efforts of large civil 

 and military forces and the loss of many lives for their 

 suppression, would have dwindled to ridiculously small 

 proportions if all persons who were peaceably disposed 

 had retired the moment they saw that violence was 

 contemplated. The safest course for the law-abiding 

 citizen, the most effectual aid he can render to the au- 

 thorities, and the highest duty he can perform, is 

 simply to go home. If all good citizens adopt this 



ister, was born at Boston, Jan. 28, 1798. He gradu- 

 ated at Harvard in 1816, and at Andover Theological 

 Seminary in 1819. For some years he was a pastor in 

 Georgia, andin 1826 he was made professor of Biblical lit- 

 erature in Newton Theological Institution, and in 1839 

 he became professor of sacred rhetoric in the same. 

 Resigning in 1860, he again engaged in evangelistic 

 work in Georgia, but in ] 865 he returned to Newton as 

 librarian, and afterwards was associate professor of Bib- 

 lical literature. He died May 21, 1875. Among his 

 publications are Christian Baptism (1833) ; Notes on 

 the Gospels (2 vols., 1837-38). and on some other parts 

 of the New Testament; Sacred Rhetoric (1849); 

 Church Polity (1687). 



RIPLEY, ROSWELL SABINE (1823-1 887), Confeder- 

 ate general, was born at Worthington, Ohio, March 14, 

 1823. He graduated at West Point in 1843 and 

 entered the artillery service. In the Mexican war he 

 was aide to Gen. G. J. Pillow, and was brevetted for 

 gallantry at Cerro Gordo and Chapultepec. Resign- 

 ing from the army in 1853, he took up his residence at 

 Charleston, S. C. During the secession movement he 

 was active in the military service of South Carolina, 

 and took part in the siege of Fort Sumter. In May, 

 1862, he commanded a brigade in defence of Richmond, 

 and he was wounded at the battle of Antietam. He 

 returned to the defence of Charleston, and when that 

 city was evacuated by the Confederates went again to 

 Richmond. After the civil war he resided in Paris for 

 some years, but subsequently engaged in business at 

 Charleston. He died at New York city, March 26, 

 1887. His history of the War with Mexico (2 vols., 

 1849) is an excellent piece of work. 



His uncle, JAMES WOLFE RIPLEY (1794-1 870), gen- 

 eral, was a native of Connecticut and graduate of West 

 Point. He served in the war of 1812, the Seminole 

 war of 1818, and the Mexican war. He was thereafter 

 connected with the ordnance department until his re- 

 tirement in 1863, having in August, 1861, been made 

 chief of that department. In March, 1865, be received 

 the brevet of major-general, and he died at Hartford, 

 Conn., March 16, 1870. 



RIPON, GEORGE FREDERICK SAMUEL ROBINSON, 

 MARQUIS OF, was born in London, Oct. 24, 1827. He 

 is the only son of the first Earl of Ripon, better known 

 as Viscount Goderich, which title he held while prime 

 minister for a few months in 1827. The marquis suc- 

 ceeded^ to his father's and uncle's titles in 1859, thus 

 becoming Earl de Grey and Ripon, and in 1872 received 

 his present title as an acknowledgment of his services 

 as chairman of the High Joint Commission which ar- 

 ranged the Treaty of vVashington in 1871. He had 

 entered in diplomatic life as attache 1 at Brussels in 

 1849, and in 1852 was elected to parliament from Hull, 

 but in the next, year stood for Huddersfield and won 

 that seat for the Liberals. In 1857 he was chosen from 



course, in nine cases out of ten the riot will end without the West Riding of Yorkshire. In June, 1 859, having 

 the destruction of property and without the shedding entered the House of Lords, he was made under-sec- 

 of blood. (w. M. F.) retaryofwar; in 1861, under-secretary for India ; and 



RIPLEY, ELEAZERWHEELOCK (1782-1 839), major- in 1863, secretary of war. In 1866 he was made sec- 

 general, was born at Hanover, N. H., April 15, 1782, retary of state for India, and in 1868 lord-president of 

 being son of Rev. Sylvanus Ripley, D.D. (d. 1787), the council, which office he resigned in August, 1873. 

 professor of divinity in Dartmouth College, and nephew ; In April, 1870, he was installed as grand-master of the 

 of Rev. John Wheelock, president of the college. He j Freemasons of England, but in September, 1874, he 

 graduated _there_ in J_800, practised^ law in Maine, and resigned without assigning any reason. But in a few 



was elected to the Massachusetts Legislature in 1810, 

 and to the Senate in 1812. He then entered the army 



days it became known that he had been admitted to the 

 Roman Catholic Church at Brompton. When Mr. 



being wounded at York (now Toronto). In 1814 he j Ripon was appointed viceroy of India. The act called 

 wa made brigadier-general and took part in the battle I forth much animadversion. The new viceroy's admin- 



