ROBINSON-ROCHESTER 



3U1 



an editorial contributor. At the age of thirty-eight he 

 was called to the bar and for fifteen years practised 

 his profession with diligence and success. In later life 

 he was active in promoting the London University and 

 other institutions for the benefit of art and literature. 

 His Diary and Correspondence (1869) is filled with 

 pleasant gossip and graphic sketches of prominent 

 men with whom he came in contact. He died at 

 London, Feb. 5, 1867. 



ROBINSON, STUART (1816-1881), Presbyterian 

 minister, was born at Strabane, Ireland, Nov. 26. 1816, 

 but in early life he was brought to America. After 

 graduating at Atnherst College in 1836, he studied 

 theology at Union Seminary, va. , and at Princeton. 

 He held pastorates in Virginia, Kentucky, an 1 Balti- 

 more and edited the Presliyterial Critic, in which he 

 maintained High Church views of Presbyterian polity 

 and doctrine. In 1856 he was called to the Danville 

 Theological Seminary as professor of ecclesiology, but in 

 1858 he removed to Louisville, where he edited the 

 True Presbyterian and also ministered to a church. 

 During the civil war his paper was suppressed by the 

 Union authorities, but it was afterwards allowed to 

 appear under the name Free Christian Commonwealth. 

 He was the leader of the Louisville Presbytery and 

 in 1 SIJG was expelled from the General Assembly which 

 met at St. Louis for signing the "Declaration and 

 Testimony," which censured that body for making 

 political deliverances. He afterwards induced the 

 Synod of Kentucky to withdraw from the Northern 

 Church and join the Southern. In 1869 he was elected 

 moderator of the Southern General Assembly by accla- 

 mation. He died at Louisville, October 5, 1881. His 

 most important works are The Church of God (1858), 

 and Discourses of Redemption (1866). Several of his 

 pamphlets related to controversies between the North- 

 ern and Southern Presbyterians. 



ROBY, HENRY JOHN, an English educator, was 

 born at Tarn worthy, Aug. 12, 1830. He was educated 

 at Bridgnorth and at St. John's College, Cambridge, 

 graduating in 1853, and being made fellow of the col- 

 lege in 1854, and tutor in 1855. He took part in the 

 movement for university reform and published a pam- 

 phlet on the subject. In 1861 he was made undiT- 

 master of Dulwich College Upper School, and in 1866 

 professor of jurisprudence at University College, Lon- 

 don. _ He was appointed secretary of the schools 

 inquiry commission in 1864, and to the endowed 

 schools commission in 1869, and was a member of the 

 latter 1872-74. He has since been engaged in business 

 at Manchester. Besides preparing the Report of the 

 commissioners and editing several volumes connected 

 with it, he published an excellent Grammar of ilie 

 Latin Langufige, from Ptautus to Suetonius (2 vols. , 

 1871-74). 



ROCHAMBEAU, JEAN BAPTISTE DONATIEN 

 VI.MEUR, COMTE DE (1725-1807), a French general 

 noted for his services in the American Revolution, was 

 born at Vendome, July 1, 1725. Entering the army 

 at the age of sixteen, he served in Germany under Mar- 

 shal Broglie and in 1745 became aide to the Duke of 

 Orleans. He had reached the grade of lieutenant- 

 general when in 1780 he was sent with 6000 men to the 

 United S_tates. He arrived at Newport in July and 

 after fortifying Rhode Island he acted in concert with 

 Washington against Clinton in New York. In the 

 next year he went to Virginia and rendered important 

 service, resulting in the capture of Cornwallis at York- 

 town, Oct. 19, 1781. Two captured cannons were pre- 

 sented to Rochambeau. Returning to France he 

 received the decoration of Saint Esprit, and was made 

 governor of Picardy and Artois. In 1791 he was made 

 a marshal of France, but his conduct in command of 

 the Army of the North disappointed public expecta- 

 tion and he narrowly escaped the guillotine. Thence- 

 forth he lived in retirement, but Bonaparte in 1804 

 conferred on him a pension and the grand cross of the 

 Legion of Honor. He died May 10, 1807. His Me- 



moirs were published in 1809 and translated into 

 English in 1838. 



His son, DONATIEN MARIE JOSEPH DE VIMEUR, 

 VICOMTE DE ROCHAMBEAU (1750-1813), became a 

 general in the French service and was chiefly employed 

 in Santo Doiuingo, of which he became governor in 

 1802. On his return voyage in the next year he was 

 captured by the English and remained prisoner nearly 

 eight years. He was killed at the battle of Leipsic, 

 Oct. 18, 1813. 



ROCHEFORT, HENRI, French journalist and poli- 

 tician, discards the title "Marquis de Rochefort-Lugay" 

 to which his birth entitled him. He was born at Paris, 

 Jan. 30, 1830, and early adopted the republican views 

 of his mother rather than those of his royalist father. 

 Before devoting himself to journalism he had studied 

 medicine and had been in employ of the municipality 

 of Paris. He also composed many popular plays and 

 vaudevilles, as his father had done before him. To 

 the journals of Paris he contributed for some years 

 art and dramatic criticisms and social sketches. While 

 connected with the Fiyaro he gradually turned from 

 social topics to caustic satire of the imperial admin- 

 istration. These sketches were collected into three vol- 

 umes, Les Franyais de In decadence (1866-8). Obliged 

 to leave the Figaro. Rochef'ort founded the famous 

 Lanterne, of whose first number 80,000 copies were 

 issued. After eleven weekly numbers had been pub- 

 lished, the proprietor was brought before the tribunals, 

 and sentenced to fine and a year's imprisonment. But 

 he had fled to Belgium, where he continued to edit the 

 offensive paper, which was still circulated in France in 

 spite of vigorous efforts of the police for its suppression. 

 In 1869 he was twice a candidate for the Chamber of 

 Deputies, and having been elected he braved the sen- 

 tence of imprisonment and proceeded to Paris. Na- 

 poleon III. granted him a safe-conduct, which Roche- 

 fort accepted, though many of his supporters had 

 hoped for a collision with the authorities. He now 

 founded La Marseillaise, whose attacks on the im- 

 perial family provoked Prince Pierre Bonaparte to kill 

 Victor Noir, one of Rochefort's assistants. In Jan- 

 uary, 1870, the journal was seized and the proprietor 

 was sentenced to six months' imprisonment. The 

 catastrophe of Sedan restored him to liberty and gave 

 him a place in the government of national defence. 

 He kept aloof from the Communists, but tried to induce 

 the government to make some concessions to them. 

 When this was not done he resigned his office, though 

 ho still had charge of the barricades. In February, 

 1871, he founded Le Mot d" Ordre, and was elected 

 deputy. He instigated some of the worst excesses and 

 outrages of the Communists. Arrested at Meaux, 

 May 20, he was sent to Versailles for trial, and in 

 September was condemned to imprisonment in a 

 fortress. Victor Hugo interceded for him with Pres. 

 Thiers, but in vain. His friends declared that his mind 

 was shattered and his death at hand. He was per- 

 mitted to leave the prison in order to be married to 

 Mile. Renaud, who had borne him several children. 

 In 1873 he was transported to New Caledonia, but 

 some months later he escaped to an American vessel 

 and was taken to San Francisco. Thence he made his 

 way to Geneva, where he resided until the general 

 amnesty of 1880 permitted his return to Paris. There 

 he established in opposition to Garibaldi's policy of 

 opportunism a new journal, L' Intransigtant. _ In re- 

 cent years less attention has been paid to his utter- 

 ances on public questions. 



ROCHESTER, a city of Minnesota, county-seat of 

 Olmsted co. , is on the Winona and St. Peter Railroad, 

 75 miles S. E. of St. Paul. It is also on the Zumbro 

 River, which is spanned by three iron bridges, and fur- 

 nishes water-power for three flour-mills. Cockle-sepa- 

 rators (see Vol. Ill, p. 95) are manufactured here, as 

 well as wagons, furniture, and agricultural implements. 

 There are also several foundries. The largest building 

 is the Insane Hospital, erected at a cost of $325,000, 



