ROMAN CATHOLIC CHI KC1I 



4'Jti grow toni of No. rod* direct from a 4-incli 

 lil.Him. In one day of loj hours a record of lll/JlM 

 Ibs. of No 6. hag been made. A special ti>a(nn> i- the 

 use of natural gas at the boilers ami two bloom re- 

 i, MI ing furnaces. Tin- entire force for the oj>cratioii 

 of the will was 40 men and boys. 



The general arrangement and working of the last- 

 niemioncd plant are as follows : Tin- EMM occupy 

 one corner of the building, the heating furnaces and 

 hears the front, the ingot rclu aling furnaces one side, 

 and the reels the oilier side. The blooming, billet, 

 intermediate and continuous trains are located ecu 

 tr.illy. the axes of the three trains being parallel. 

 After the bloom is reduced to the section and length 

 desired it is heated in the furnaces before undergoing 

 liirtlicr work. It first goes through the billet train. 

 When rolling steel the last set of this train, in which 

 the billet is generally given only one pass, the rolls 

 may be flat; when rolling iron, however, they IIIUM In- 

 grooved. The bloom is thus reduced to a 1 by J inch 

 rectangular or oval section. It then goes through the 

 intermediate train, where it is given a round, oval, or 

 square section equivalent to a section of J bv 3-inch. 

 It is then finished in the continuous train. The single 

 set of rolls which constitutes the intermediary is placed 

 behind the delivery pair of the billet train and in front 

 of the first set of the continuous train, and in the same 

 line of feed. The billet is carried from the billet train 

 and fed to the intermediate train by a guide, ami from 

 this train to the continuous train by another guide tube. 

 This last train consists of two parts and is composed of 

 eight sets of rolls through which the billet passes in suc- 

 cession, conducted from one pair to i he other by guides. 

 In leaving the hist pair of rolls the rod goes through 

 a guide which conducts it towards the reels on which 

 it is wound. One man handles the reels. He seizes 

 the end of the rod, attaches it to one of the two reels, 

 and while one is winding the other is emptied and got 

 ready to receive the following rod. In this continuous 

 rod-will the wire is passing in opposite diraotanu 

 through different rolls simultaneously, and while the 

 finished end is being wound on a reel the balance of 

 the now reduced billet is still passing through several 

 pairs of rolls._ 



The following represents the geographical distribu- 

 tion and general equipment of the rolling-mills of the 

 United States not connected with steel works : 



ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. This article 



treats only of the history (if this church 

 j_ jjj in the United Slates. 'This church is 

 coeval with the earliest attempt.'! 



All). !.'[>. '. . lie, , 



tlcments by the Spaniards at the Ninth, 

 by the French in Maine, along tin- Lake*, and down 

 the Mississippi Valley, and by Knglish Catholics in 

 Maryland alter ineffectual projects in Maine. Police 

 de Leon, after discovering Florida in I'd:;, attempted 

 a sittlement in 1;VJI, accompanied by priests; and in 



yllou began a settlement on James River. Va, 

 two Dominican pri< -st> . Fatheis Anthony de Monte.-ino.s 

 and Anthony de Cervantes, ix-ginnini: the regular min- 

 istrations oi religion. The expeditions of Narvaez 

 and Soto were attended by priests, but m> settlement, 

 was made. A Franciscan Father. Mark of Nice, on 

 information given by survivors of Narvaez's force, pen- 

 etrated to the Xniiis. of New Mexico, and missionaries 

 with Coronado's expedition, l.ilo-l'J. penetrated to 

 the country near the Missouri and Mississinpi. where 

 Father Padilla and a companion were killed liy the 

 natives. Father Luis Career met the same fate in 

 Florida in 1549, while attempting to found a mission, 

 unprotected by soldiery or colonists. An expedition 

 under Luna near I'ensaeola, 15.W-61, failed, the Cath- 

 olic service being regularly offered there by priests who 

 accompanied them. The first permanent settlement 

 at St. Augustine. Sept. S, |.">ii.~>, was U-gun with the 

 celebration of mass by Rev. Martin Francisco de Men- 

 do7.a (irajales, llie first parish priest, and the service 

 of the church has been continued in Florida with brief 

 interruption (I7(>;i) to the present time. The parish 

 registers of St. Augustine arc extant from Jan. I, 1594. 

 From St. Augustine Indian missions were extended 

 north and south, and an attempt was made even on 

 the Rappahannoek, where several Jesuit missionaries 

 were, put to death (U)7I), as Franciscans were on the 

 Georgia coast (1597). The Catholic clergy in Florida 



ilijcet to the Bishop of Santiago de Cuba. In 

 the West the Fram-i.-eaii Rodriguez and his compan- 

 ions penetrated to New Mexico to found a mission, 

 but perished (1581). This led to tin- occupation of the 

 country by Don Juan de Oiiatc in 1595. He began a 

 settlement at San Juan de los Caballeros, where a 

 church was erected (August-September) mid the reg- 

 ular services of the Catnolic worship begun ; missions 

 were established among the Pueblo Indians, and :i.i 

 converts were made churches wen- established in most 

 ol' their towns. These continued till lt>80, when the 

 Indians rose against the Spaniards, massacred most of 

 the missionaries, and drove all whites from New Mexico. 

 When the territory was reoccupied by Vargas in Id'cJ 

 the clergy of the Catholic Church resumed their labors 

 among whites and Indians, ami continue them to this 



The churches were under the charge of the 

 Bishop of (iuadalaxar.i, and subsequently under the 

 Bishop of Diirango. In It'iW the Jesuit Father Kiihn 

 founded the mission of San Xavicr del Kac and others 

 in the present Arizona, and during the eighteenth 

 century priests of that order pushed their California 

 missions northward. 



At the North, after laboring in Nova Scotia, the 

 Jesuit Father Biard attempted to found a mission set- 

 tlement on Mount ll.-sert Island, which was broken up 

 by A rgal 1 (1613). As the Jesuit missions in Canada 

 extended. DrcuillcUes founded a mission among the Ab- 

 nakison the' Kenneliecl 1 1. Ill); Jogues( (/ . c.) among the 

 Mohawks (1G4G); Le Moyne among the Onondagns 

 (l(..")4) ; Mcnard among the Chippewas ( I r.iin). The mis- 

 sions thus founded wen- followed up with wonderful zeal 

 and courage. The Indians from the Passauiaquoddy 

 and IVnobscot to the Kcnncbcc became and remain 

 Catholic ; numbers of converts were made among the 

 Five Iroi|iiois nations, whose dcsccm hints are found now 

 at Caughmiwaga, the Like of the Two Mountains, and 

 St. Rcgi- The remnant of the Tionontate Hurons 

 were gathered on Lake Superior, and finally at San- 

 dusky, uiid uii.-=ioub were established among the Ot- 



