404 



ROMEROSA. 



Literature. TheRlUTAVXICA in the earlier volume* give* 

 due attention to Knglinh and American workt on the Pauline 

 epistles, hut the IIMI.- r< .> nt vnlunic* almost entirely ignore 

 these. The fullwt discussions will be found in the American 

 edition of L-in-ir'i Cummextary, NVw Tcl:iineut (vols. v.- 

 viii.). The article* in Smith's Bible lliflinnnry ( Am. <-'li- 

 tion) arc quite full on all the hiitorical Questions, and con- 

 tain valuable lits of oonimeutarie* ; I'. J. LiloaR, Inlrtxiuc- 

 Horn to the I'auline Kpittle*. For English readers there have 

 been published a number of oommentarieiiof a popular char- 

 acter, aimiic,' to I. ring out the exact meaning of the rpistli-s 

 and to set forth the historical questions. Among them the 

 Speaker 1 * and those of Schaff and Kllicott rank high. An 

 explanation of Roman* bv the present writer, baaed on the 

 revised version, was published as a part of International 

 Revitio* Commentary (N. Y., 1884.) For student* of the 

 Greek Testament may be recommended the Commentaries 

 of Kllicott (1 Corinthian*, Galatiam, Kphesian*, Colouiant, 

 Thettaloniant, and l\alaral Kpittlet have already appeared); 

 Uirlilfo.it (ll.il.itiant, Colouiant, J'hili/ipiant); Oodet (Jto- 

 mnnt, 1 Corinthian*) ; C. Hodge (Roman*, Corinthian*, 

 JCphetian*); Vaughan (Roman*), and many others. (M.B.B.) 



ROME, a city of New York, half-shire of Oneida 

 co. is situated on the Mohawk River, 15 miles west 

 of I'tica, at the junction of the New York Central, the 

 New York, Ontario, and Western, and a railroad to 

 Ogdensburg. Here, also, is the junction of the Erie 

 and Rlack River Canals. It has a fine court-house, 

 opera-house, 4 national banks, 1 daily and 3 weekly 

 newspapers. 16 churches. The industrial works com- 

 prise iron, brass, copper, knitting, lumber, and other 

 mills and i'actorics. The town is handsomely laid out, 

 with wide, well-shaded streets and flagged sidewalks. 

 It is lighted with gas and has water-works. The total 

 valuation of property is $6,000,000. Rome was first 

 settled in 1 "(']">, being at the portage between the Mo- 

 hawk River and Wood Creek, which gave an outlet to 

 the St. I^awrence. Here was Fort Stamvix, of Revo- 

 lutionary fame, whose successful defence prevented St. 

 Ijeger's division of Burgoyne's army from invading 

 the Mohawk Valley. During the siege the battle of 

 Oriskany (6 miles east) was foil-lit August 6, 1777, 

 in which Gen. Nicholas Herkimer was killed. Rome 

 received a city charter in 1870. Its population in l>sn 

 was 12.1 '.14. 



RoMKRO. MATIAS. Mexican diplomatist, was born 

 atOaxaca, Feb. 24, 1837. Alter commencing the study 

 of law there he was admitted to the bar in 1857 in the 

 city of Mexico. He attached himself to the party of 

 Juarez, who employed him in the office of foreign 

 affairs. In December. Is.v.i. he was made secretary of 

 the Mexican legation at Washington, and afterwards 

 became charge d' affaires. In May. Isi,:;, he went to 

 Mexico on the French invasion, ami became chief of 

 staff to Gen. Porfirio Diaz, but returned to Washing- 

 ton a few months later. Alter the defeat of Max- 

 imilian's attempt to establish an empire Roiucrn nego- 

 tiated several important treaties with the United 

 States. In August, 1868, he was made minister of 

 finance in Juarez's cabinet, but was obliged to retire 

 from this Dost by ill-health. After some service in the 

 Mexican Congress he resumed charge of the finances 

 in 1878 under Prcs. Diaz, but retired again in isT'.i. 

 He was afterwards postmaster-general for a brief 

 period, but in 1881 he became general superintendent 

 of thi' Mexican Southern Railway, and accompanied 

 Gen. Grant in his visit to Mexico. Romero was soon 

 sent again as minister to Washington, especially to ad- 

 just boundary disputes, and in 18S4 was rcappointcd 

 by Pres. Diaz. During his long diplomatic scrviee he 

 has prepared many valuable reports on important pub- 

 lic questions. 



R< NGE. .1(.HASNE8 (1813-1887), leader of a Ger- 

 man Catholic movement, was born Oct. 16, 1 

 Bisehofswaldc. Silesia. He was educated at the Uni- 

 versity of Breslau and studied theology there. In 

 1841 lie wan made chaplain at Grottkan, but was soon 

 removed from this post on account of some publica- 

 tions in Saxon papers. He then became a teacher, but 

 in 1844 he wrote a letter denouncing the exhibition of 



the Holy Coat of Treves. The controversy excited by 

 this caused Rouge to withdraw from the Roman 

 Church and attempt to establish a German Catholic 

 Church. His most cfl'cetive supporter at first was 

 ( V.erski, who was, however, less radical in views than 

 Rouge, so that eventually they separated. Rouge's 

 ino\ement assumed a political aspect, and in ISt'.i he 

 was compelled to flee to 1/omlon, where he busied him- 

 self in introducing Frobc-l's new ideas on education. 

 In 1861 he was permitted to return to Breslau. but 

 soon went to Frankfort, where he issued many pam- 

 phlets in behalf of a Reform-Union, in which Protestant 

 rationalists were to be included. In 1873 he removed 

 to Darmstadt and established \n- lull,!,',:-, It-farm 

 to propagate his views. He died Oct. '1~. 17. 



ROON', AI.HUKCIIT THKOIKPK EMU.. Cm NT vox 

 (1803-1 ST'.l), German general, was born April :itl. 1SO3, 

 and after receiving a military education entered tha 

 I'russian army in 1881. Ho pursued the higher mili- 

 tary studies from 18:24 to I Mi", and then became 

 teacher of the cadets. Regularly advanced from grade 

 to grade he became colonel in 1851. major-general in 

 Is.'ii'., lieutenant general in 1859. He had then charge 

 of the mobilization of the army when Prussia was 

 making ready to interfere in the war of Italian inde- 

 pendence, though the work was cut short by the treaty 

 of Villafranc.i. In December, 1859, he was called to 

 the ministry of war, and in April, 1861, to the minis- 

 try of the marine, to which, in December, the former 

 was joined. In the long struggle which ensued be- 

 tween the government and the Landtag (Jen. vou 

 Roon supported with vigor the plans of King Wii- 

 hclin, and co-operated with Count liismarck in carry- 

 ing through the reorganization of the army. Tlui 

 Sclileswig-Holstein campaign of 1864 and the Anstro- 

 Prussian war of Isi'ii'i gave full proof of his abilities, 

 and the king honored him with the cross of the Hlack 

 Eagle. Airain in 18"(l he displayed the same signal 

 ability in the war with France, and the fiftieth anniver- 

 sary of his entrance into the military service was cele- 

 brated with pomp at Versailles in 1871. On his re- 

 turn to Berlin he was made a count, but he resigned 

 the ministry of the marine at the close of 1871. lie 

 had been for some time op|K>sed to Bismarck's policy, 

 by which 1'nissia, so long the loader of Germany, was 

 to become simply a large state in a grand empire. 

 Count von Roon was not disposed thus to sa -rillee the 

 position of Pnissia, but the current of events was too 

 strong for him. His military eminence was still recog- 

 nized when he was made field-marshal. Jan I. l>7 :;, 

 and he was soon after made president of the Prussian 

 cabinet, but in November he resigned his po.-t ami re- 

 tired from public life. He died at Berlin, Feb. IM, 

 1879. 



ROSA, ErrpHKOOTKI PAUF.PA (1836-1874), singer, 

 was born at Edinburgh. Scotland, May 7, I Mill. Her 

 father was a Wallachian nobleman, and her mother 

 Elizabeth Scguin, who afterwards became a noted 

 singer. The daughter was trained for the operatic 

 stage in Italy, and began her professional career at 

 Malta in 18.V>. After tours in Italy and Spain s-hc 

 went to Ijondon in 1857. where her talent was found 

 best suited to oratorio and concert In 1863 she was 

 married to ('apt. 11. I >. ( 'arvcll. of the British army, 

 but after his death, having lost her property by an un- 

 toriunate investment, she made an engagement with a 

 concert company to perform in the United States. 

 Her first appeaianee was at Irving Hall, New York, in 

 September. I si'.5. In February, 1867, she was mar- 

 ried to Carl R"si. violinist and member of the samn 

 company. With him in I S6'J she organized an English 

 opera, which for three seasons made tours of the chief 

 American cities. In ]S72 she joined the Italian ^opera 

 company formed at Cairo by the Khedive of Egypt. 

 With her husband she afterwards made a tour in Eng- 

 land, and, when about to return to the United States, 

 she died at I/mdoii. Jan. 4 J1. Is7. Parepa Rosa wad 

 large in person and handsome in countcnam-c. HIT 



