ROSS-ROWAN. 



407 



of Pres. Lincoln. He afterwards became a member 

 of the College of Physicians and Surgeons there, but 

 devoted his attention chiefly to the natural history of 

 Canada. In 1881 he was one of the founders of the 

 Society for the Diffusion of Physiological Knowledge. 

 He is now treasurer and commissioner of agriculture 

 of the province of Ontario. His publications include 

 Recollections of an Abolitionist (1867) ; Birds of Can- 

 ad'i (1372) ; Butterflies and Moths of Canada (1873) ; 

 Flora of Canada (1873); Forest Trees of Canada 

 (1874); Mammals, Reptiles and Fresh-water Fishes 

 of Canada (\ 81 8). 



ROSS, GEORGE (1730-1779), signer of the Declara- 

 tion of Independence, was born at Newcastle, Del., in 

 1730. He became a lawyer, and was chosen to the 

 Pennsylvania Legislature iu 1768. While still holding 

 this position he was chosen to the First Continental 

 Congress in 1774. He retired from Congress in 1777, 

 and In April, 1779, was ina le a judge of the Pennsyl- 

 vania court of admiralty, but died in July. 



ROSS, JOHN (1790-1866), a Cherokee chief, was 

 a half-breed, born in Georgia. He had acquired an 

 English education, an 1 rose to be principal chief of 

 the Cherokees in 1828. The State of Georgia was then 

 endeavoring to dispossess the tribs of their lands, airl 

 Ross stoutly resisted this movement, but a small mi- 

 nority of the tribe led by a Major Ridge were induce;! 

 to consent to a treaty binding all to remove west 

 within two years. Ross and over two-thirds of the 

 tribe protested, and appealed to the President, but in 

 vain. They were compelled to submit, and Gen. 

 Winfield Scott succeeded in effecting the removal with- 

 out bloodshed. The factions in the tribe continued, 

 but Ross retained his position as principal chief. In 

 1801 he made a treaty with the Confederate States, 

 and the Cherokees fought at Pea Ridge. But after- 

 wards Ross joined the Union side. He died at Wash- 

 iii.'t.->ii. l>. (''.. An-. 1,1 



KI >SSI, GIOVANNI BATTLSTA DE, an Italian arehae- 

 nicest, was born at Rome, Feb. 23, 1822, and was 

 educated at the II >:nan College. He studied archae- 

 ology under the learned Jesuit Marchi, and devoted 

 himself especially to Christian antiquity. To Rossi's 

 labors is due the exploration of the catacombs, tho 

 results of which appeared in his Kama Snttenau^ 

 Cristiana (3 vols., 1854-77), and in his Bnllett!un </i 

 archeolorjia^ Cr!xt!<ni<i. He also published Iiiscrip- 

 tiones Chrixtianae urbis Roma; le.ptimo trroiln m- 

 tiqmores (1861), and a handsomely illustrated work, 

 Miuaici < 'rlxtl'ini e Sngyi di Pavimenti dtlle Chiese 

 dlSaaut. I In is the president of the Papal Academy 

 of Archaeology, and is a member of many learned so- 

 cieties. He nas contributed also to the department 

 of classical archaeology. His monographs and minor 

 publications are numerous. 



ROTHERMEL, PETER FREDERICK, painter, was 

 born at Nescopack, Luzerneco., Pa., July 18, 1817. He 

 was originally a land-surveyor, but went to Italy in 1836 

 and became a portrait-painter. Still later _ he devoted 

 himself to historical painting. Among his works are 

 Columbus before Queen Isabella, The Christian Mar- 

 tyrs in the Colosseum, De Soto discovering the Missis- 

 sippi, Patrick Henry in the Virginia^ House of Bur- 

 gesses. For the State of Pennsylvania he painted on 

 a large canvas The Battle of Gettysburg. 



ROUGE\ OLIVIER CHARLES CAMILLE EMMANUEL, 

 VICOMTE DE (1811-1872), French Egyptologist, was 

 born at Paris, April 11, 1811. His father, a colonel, 

 had intended him for a career in governmental service, 

 but the revolution of 1830 broke up his plans. The 

 son then resided on the family estate in Anjou until 

 his love of philological study brought him back to 

 Paris. After a general excursion in the field of Ori- 

 ental literature he devoted himself to the investigation 

 of Egyptian hieroglyphics for eight years. In 1844 

 his first publication attracted the attention of Letronne 

 and Biot. In 1849 he was made keener of the 

 Egyptian Museum of the Louvre, of which he pub- 



lished a catalogue. In 1 854 lie was obtained a position 

 in the department of public instruction, and in 1860 he 

 was made a professor of archaeology in the College de 

 France. He died at Bois-Dauphin, Dec. 27, 1872. 

 His chief work is Rituel funeraire dfs anciens figypt- 

 iens (4 vols., 1861-68). He published also a Cliresto- 

 matliie egyptienne (3 vols., 186773), Recherches sur lei 

 monuments qn on pent attribner anx six premieres 

 dynasties de Manethon (1866) and various monographs. 

 He maintained the Egyptian origin of the Phoenician 

 alphabet in a memoir which was published by his son 

 in 1874. 



ROUSSEAU, LOVELL HARRISON (J 81 8-1 809), 

 major-general, was born in Lincoln co., Ky., Aug. 4, 

 1818. His father was first cousin to Pres. W. H. Har- 

 rison, and died when Lovell was but thirteen years old. 

 He had already left school, but afterwards studied law 

 at Louisville, and was admitted to the bar at Bloom- 

 field, Ind. In 1844 he was elected to the Legislature 

 in that State and on the outbreak of the Mexican war 

 he became captain in a regiment which fought under 

 Gen. Taylor. On his return he entered the State 

 Senate as a Whig, but he soon removed to Louisville, 

 where he becaiue conspicuous as a criminal lawyer. In 

 1860 as a member of the Kentucky Senate he took a 

 firm stand against all movements tending to secession, 

 and later against the proposed neutrality of the State. 

 Raising two regiments of Union men. he formed 

 "Camp Joe Holt" in Indiana, and wher. the time for 

 action came led them into Kentucky. Having been 

 appointed brigadier-general U. S. volunteers, Oct. 1, 



1861, he marched in Bucll's army to the battle of 

 Shiloh. where ho distinguished himself, April 7, 1862. 

 For gallantry at Perry ville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862, he was 

 promoted major-general, and at Murfreesboro, Dec. 31, 



1862, he was .-.gain conspicuous. He fought at Chat- 

 tanooga and Chickamauga, and in November, 1803, was 

 appointed to command the district of Tennessee. Re- 

 signing two years later, he was elected to Congress, 

 where he supported the reconstruction policy of Pres. 

 Johnson. In 1867 he was commissioned brigadier- 

 general in the regular army, and was assigned to tho 

 newly purchased Alaska, but in July, 1 868, he was put 

 in command of the department of Louisiana. He died 

 at New Orleans. Jan. 8, 1869. He was noted for his 

 physical strength and chivalrous courage. 



ROUTE, MARTIN JOSEPH (1755-1854), English 

 divine, was born at South Eluilmm, Suffolk, Sept. 15, 

 1755. He graduated at Oxford in 1774 and held 

 various college positions, becoming finally president of 

 Magdalen College in 1791, and retaining that office for 

 sixty-four years. He edited some of Plato's Dialogues, 

 Burnet's Ifistiiry, and Sat'plonim Ecclesiasticoriim, 

 Optiscula (1832).' His chief work was a collection of 

 tha fragments of the Christian Writers previous to the 

 Council of Nice. ReKqmoB Sacra; (4 vols., 1814-18; 

 revised ed., 5 vols., 1846-48). He died in his hun- 

 dredth year. Dec. 22, 1854. 



ROWAN. STEPHEN CLEGO, admiral, was born near 

 Dublin, Ireland, Dec. 25, 1808. He was brought to 

 the United States at an early age and received appoint- 

 ment as midshipman in the navy in 1826. He became 

 lieutenant in 1<S.>7 and was engaged in the coast survey 

 in 1838-40. During the Mexican war he had command 

 of the sloop Cyanc on the Pacific coast and took part 

 in the capture of Monterey and San Diego in Califor- 

 nia, cs well as capturing and destroying Mexican ves- 

 sels. Under Com. Stockton he led a naval brigade in 

 an expedition to the interior and received a slight 

 wound. At the outbreak of the civil war he held the 

 rank of commander and though his residence was at 

 Norfolk, Va., where he had married, he remained 

 faithful to the Union. With the steam-sloop Pawnee 

 he performed efficient service on the Potomac and 

 afterwards on the coast of North Carolina, where he 

 conducted several expeditions until its waters were 

 brought securely under Union control. He was made 

 commodore in July, ISfiC, and afterwards h;-.d com- 



