40ft 



RUBINSTEIN -RUSK 



wand of the New Ironside* off Charleston until the 

 spring of lN',4. when lie was relieved. In 1800 lie was 

 made rvar-aduiir.il and took command of the Norfolk 

 navy-yard. In 1868 he was made commander ot the 

 Asiatic squadron and received the rank of vice-admiral. 

 He afterwards had charge of (he navy-yard at NVw 

 York, tin' naval a.-\lum at Philadelphia, ami the naval 

 observatory ut Washington. Since 1883 he has been 

 chairman of tin- Lighthouse Wird. 



KUHINSTKI.V A.vriiN. Ku.--.-ian pianist and com- 

 poser, was born at \Veclivvotyiictz, Koumania, Nov. 30, 

 1830. !!< was taken to Moscow in childhood and early 

 appeared in public a.- a |>erloruier. At the age of ten 

 he went to Paris lor instruction, but also performed at 

 concert.*. Li.-zi Diving him advice and cncourag< -mciii. 

 Rubinstein visited England. Sweden, and ( iermany, and 

 for a time Mndied composition in Berlin. Then he 

 began to teach, nnd liavinir returned to Russia w a.- ap- 

 pointed pianist to the Grand Duchess Helena and 

 director of the concerts of the Russian Musical Society. 

 In IM>> he again visited Paiis and I/ondon. achieving 

 a liriliiant success both as pianist and composer. In 

 ]s7l' hi- made a tour in the United Slates and he has 

 since devoted himself to composition. Among his 

 operas are Jtinn'l ri /fattfept, l.<s ( '/in ssnirx Silteritaa, 

 l.nlln Rimkh, and AVm. His oi-atorio, I'imdise Lost, 

 has been performed with great success. The Maccabees, 

 a sacred drama, was performed in 1878. 



KUFFNEK. HKNHV ( 1 7SS- 1 sr, ]),Presbyterian min- 

 ister and educator, was born in 1788, and entered the 

 ministry in 1813. After holding various pastorates he 

 was made president of Lexington College, V a. , in I KIT. 

 lie exerted himself for the advinccment of education 

 nnd in 180*1 lie advocated the abolition of slavery in 

 Virginia. He died at Kanawha. Dec. 17, 1861. He 

 wrote a romance called Judith JJeiinnddf. and The 

 Orif/iii nii'l I'fiiiiiff nf Mmi/.-i-n/ ('2 vols., 1850). 



RUMSEY. .) AMKS'I 17l:;-17l'll>). machinist, was born 

 at Bohemia Manor. Cecil co.,Md., in 1743. lie was 

 employed in the construction of flour-mills and maile 

 various improvements in machinery. After the Revo- 

 lutionary war several ingenious men directed their 

 attention to this subject and soon there was <li- 

 nl>oiit the application of steam. Oliver Kvans (q. r-), 

 who had made great improvements in mills, invented 

 the high-pressure steam-engine and endeavored to 

 make a steam-wagon for ordinary roads. John Fitch 

 (see ENCYCLOPEDIA RKITA.NMCA) invented a steam- 

 JHiat. but by want of means was long delayed in bring- 

 ing it into practical operation. Kiimsey hail in Septem- 

 ber. 1784. exhibited on the Potomac a boat moved by 

 mechanical devices up-stream. Gen. Washington is said 

 to have been present at the exhibition, but does not 

 appear to have given it serious thought. Afterwards 

 llumsey introduced steam-power into his boat and ob- 

 tained in 1787 a patent from the State of Virginia for 

 (team navigation within its waters. Evans obtained a 

 similar patent from Maryland, and Fitch from Penn- 

 sylvania and other States. State jealousy and political 

 feeling were greatly excited over the rival claims. 

 Kuniscy enlisted the aid of Franklin and published at 

 Philadelphia a treatise on the application of steam. A 

 Rummy Society was formed at Philadelphia in 1788 in 

 his behalf, and Fitch, rough in speech and appear- 

 ance, lust public favor. Kumsey went to England, 

 where he received some attention and built a steam- 

 boat, which made a successful trip on the Thames. 

 A few days afterwards he died at London. Dec. 23, 

 1702. Riimscy hud obtained patent* for steam-navi- 

 gation from England and France, but his projects 

 expired with him. It remained for RoWt Fulton 

 with the generous aid of Livincrston to put in successful 

 operation the ideas of his unfortunate predecessors. 



KUSH. BKN.MMIN (1740-1813), is appropriately 

 '"I in the KVYCI.HP.KDIA BRITANNICA as 

 lenham of America. 



His son, JAMES Hi -H. 1-orn at Philadelphia. March 

 1, 1780, graduated at Princeton in 1805, and adopted 



his father's profession. According to the custom of 

 the time, after receiving his decree from the Univer- 

 sity of Pennsylvania in pursued further study 

 ot medicine in Edinburgh. Alter entering on practice 

 in Philadelphia, he married the daughter of 'Thomas 

 Ridgway. and thus acquired a princely fortune. His 

 wife was long a brilliant leader of society, while he in 

 later years preferred the s<rlusion of his library. His 

 Work on the /'/i//i/i/i/oy / llir Human Iimr (IM'T) 

 was the first thorough discussion of its subject, ami 

 still lias great value. His other writings were J/nntlrt, 

 it Dramatic /'</</< (ls:>4) ; an Aniilt/sifiif tin Human 

 Intitlivt (L' vol.-.. 1805); and Ithyimx nf Cmitratt nn 

 H'ixitniii ami full ;i (I80'.l). a satirical dialogue. Ho 

 died May :y.. 1809. By his will he left his estate to 

 tho Philadelphia Library, yet on such peculiar condi- 

 tions that the wisdom of accepting it was doubtful. 

 He had spent the bulk of the bequest in purchasing a 

 full square, of ground on Broad street and erecting a 

 massive granite building, leaving a comparatively small 

 sum for the purchase of books. The building is oc- 

 cupied by the Ridgway branch of the library, but the 

 inconvenience of its location has prevented it from 

 In'ing of real benefit even to students. J)r. Rush's 

 will requires the library to issue every ten years in the 

 next half century an edition of his own writings to be 

 sold at cost price. 



KI'SII. RiciiART) (1780-1859). diplomatist, brother 

 of the preceding, was Ixirn in Philadelphia. Aug. 29, 

 (iradualing at Princeton in IT'.C, lie entered in 

 the study of law. His first noted case was his defence 

 of William 1 Inane w ho was charged with libel on (!ov. 

 Thomas McKean. In January, Jsll. he was made 

 attorney general of Pennsylvania, and before the <-l..-e 

 of the year comptroller of the U. S. treasury. In 

 1814 he was appointed U. S. attorney general, and ho 

 served fir a time as .-ecntary of stale under Pivs. 

 Monroe, by whom he was sent as minister to Knpland. 

 There be negotiated several important treaties, espe- 

 cially that of 1818. relating to the North Atlantic! 

 fisheries and the North-eastern boundary. After eight 

 -pent in this capacity. Rush was recalled by his 

 Friend, John Quincy Adams, who had risen from tho 

 secretaryship ol state to lie President, and wished to 

 employ his services in the treasury. Three years later 

 their names were joined on a presidential ticket, which 

 failed of acceptance by the people. Rush then used 

 his influential foreign acquaintance to obtain loans lor 

 the city of Washington and other places. In ls:;r,, 

 licing appointed by Pics. Jackson to secure from the 

 British courts the legacy of James Smilhson to tint 

 United Stairs, he obtained the full amount, .', 1 

 which has been the basis of the Smithsonian Institu- 

 tion. In 1847 he was sent by Pics. Polk as minister 

 to France, and remained until IM'A Returning to 

 Philadelphia, he died there ten years later. Ju 

 1 S.Y.I. In early life he edited the l.<iii-s <,f it,, l'nil,d 

 Stiit,-x (.1 vols.. 181. r >) and wrote many political articles. 

 In is:;:; he published his A"m//iV< "j //<', /.<< nt 

 tin- Court of ,SV. .//inns, to which he added a - 

 volume in 1S1.Y A new edition appeared in 1873. He 

 also published WtuUitgtM In DoMesftc f-i'ti- (1857) 

 and his executors issued a volume of his OeauioiUU 

 /'rndiirh'otiK (180(1). 



RUSK, Tin >M\S. I F.FFERRON (1802-1 850). politician, 

 was born in South Carolina, but early removed -o 

 Georgia, where he U-came a lawyer. Full iu' i. 

 i iHTi'y. he joined in Is.", 5 the movement for attaching 

 Texas to the Unite. 1 States. He took part in the con- 

 vention which in March. IS.'ii',. declared Texas inde- 

 pendent of Mexico, and Watue its first ccntaryof 

 war. He founht at San Jacinto and on him devolved 

 (leu. Sam Houston's command, when the latter was 

 wounded. Alter leadiiiL- some expedition.- against the 

 Indians. Rusk was made chief justice of the Supreme 

 Court, but re-igned in 1842. He presided in (he con- 

 vention which ratified the annexation of Texas to the 

 United States and was then elected to the U. S. Senate. 



