RUTLAXD-RYLE. 



415 



then Obed was by the law his son as well as Mahlon's 

 son, and the geuealogy is consistent with the rest of 

 the stury. 



Literature. GooH commentaries on Ruth are those of Dr. 

 P. Cassel, translate<l by Dr. P. II. Stt-enstra, in the Schaff- 

 Langc series, and of Dr. James Morison in the Pulpit Com- 

 mentary series. (w. J. B.) 



RUTLAND, a city of Vermont, county-seat of Rut- 

 land co., is at the junction of the Otter and East 

 Creeks, at the foot of the loftiest peaks of the Green 

 Mountains, Killington and Shrewsbury. It is 67 miles 

 from Burlington and 84 miles north of Albany. Three 

 railroads enter the town and have their repair-shops 

 here. Rutland contains a U. S. court-house, the State 

 work-house, 7 hotels, 4 national banks, 4 other banks, 

 2 daily and 3 weekly newspapers, 7 churches, 7 schools. 

 The most important industry is the quarrying and 

 working of marble, for which there are 4 mills and 7 

 finishing-workl in Rutland besides those in West Rut- 

 land. There are also 3 foundries and railroad car- 

 phops. Rutland was settled in 1770, and_during the 

 Revolutionary war, being on the frontier towards 

 Canada, was protected by two forts. It was one of 

 the capitals of Vermont from 1784 to 1804, and the 

 State-douse then erected is still standing. It was in- 

 corporated in 1847, nnd in 1887 the "towns" of 

 Procter and West Rutland were formed out of part of 

 the original "town" of Rutland. The village is 

 lighted with gas and has water-works and a park. Its 

 property is valued at nearly $10, 000,0i>0. The popu- 

 lation of the village in 1880 was 7502 and of the 

 "town" 12.149. 



RUTLEDGE, EDWARD (1740-1800), signer i.f the 

 Declaration of Independence, was born at Charles- 

 ton, S. C., Nov. 2:;, 174'J, being a son of Dr. John 

 Rutledge, who had emigrated from Irehnd about 

 1735. He studied law with his brother John, and 

 afterwards at the Temple in London. On his return 

 he was chosen to the First Continental Congress, and 

 in 1776 he was appointed a member of the Board of 

 War. When the British began hostile operations in 

 South Carolina Rutledge took command of a company 

 of artillery. In 1 780 ne was captured at Charleston 

 and remained a prisoner at 8t. Augustine for a year. 

 Alter the evacuation of Charleston, in 1782. he re- 

 turned home and served in the legislature. He drew 

 up the act abolishing primogeniture and advocated the 

 adoption of the FemnJ Constitution. In 1798 he was 

 elected governor of his State. He died Jan. 23, 1800. 



His elder brother, Hi'OH RUTLEDGE (1741-1811), 

 was judge of admiralty, member ot the Legislature, 

 and from 1791 till his death chancellor of South 

 Carolina. 



RUTLEDGE, JOHN (1739-1800), chief-justice of 

 the United States, brother of the preceding, was born 

 in Charleston, studied law at the Temple. London, and 

 began practice in Charleston in 1761. His devotion to 

 liberty is attested by his being a leading member of 

 the Stamp- Act Congress in New York in 1705, and of 

 the First Continental Congress at Philadelphia in 1774. 

 In the latter he was pronounced by Patrick Henry the 

 ablest orator. He was chairman of the committee 

 which prepared the State constitution for South 

 Carolina and became its first governor. By his orders 

 Fort Moultrie was supplied with ammunition against 

 the British attack in 1776. Though he had resigned 

 in 1778, he was recalled to power the next year when 

 the British invaded the State. When Charleston fell 

 he retired to North Carolina, yet exerted himself to 

 keep up the spirit of opposition and to aid the South- 

 ern army. In 1782 he was sent again to Congress, and 



in 1 784 was made State chancellor. He took a prom- 

 inent part in the convention which framed the Federal 

 Uonstitution, and in the State Convention which rati- 

 fied it. In 1789 Washington appointed him an asso- 

 ciate justice of the U. S. Supreme Court, but he re- 

 signed this position when elected chief-justice of 

 South Carolina. Washington showed his high regard 

 for his ability by appointing him chief-justice of the 

 United States in July, 1795, and as such llutledgo 

 presided at the next term. But on account of his 

 action in the agitation concerning Jay's treaty with 

 England, the Senate in December would not confirm 

 his appointment. It soon became known, also, that 

 his mind was impaired by disease. He died July 23, 

 1800. 



RYAN, ABRAM JOSEPH (1839-1886), poet, was 

 born at Norfolk, Va.. Aug. 15, 1839. He was edu- 

 cated for the priesthood in the Roman Catholic 

 Church, and after his ordination was a chaplain in the 

 Confederate army. To the cause which that army 

 represented he was passionately devoted, and when it 

 was lost his lyric, The Conquered Manner, found an 

 echo in the hearts of thousands in the South, while it 

 elicited a response from Lord Houghton in England. 

 Father Ryan went to New Orleans in 1865, and there, 

 besides clerical duty, edited a religious paper. After- 

 wards he removed to Knoxville, to Augusta, Ga. , and 

 to Mobile, where he had charge of a church ibr some 

 years. In 1880 at Baltimore he published a volume 

 of his Poems, Patristic, Religions and Miscellaneous, 

 which had already separately had wide circulation. 

 Thereafter he wandered restlessly from place to place 

 in the South, sometimes lecturing and at intervals 

 writing a Life of Christ, which was left incomplete at 

 his death. He died at Louisville, Ky., April 22, 1886. 

 RYDBERG, ABRAHAM VICTOR, Swedish author, 

 was born at Jbnkbping, Smaland, Sweden, Dec. 18, 

 1829. He graduated at the University of Lund in 

 1852, and became literary editor of a daily paper at 

 Gothenburg in 1855. He published numerous ro- 

 mances which have been translated into English, and 

 also various works relating to the Bible, in which he 

 shows extreme rationalistic views. In 1870 he was 

 elected to the Swedish Parliament from Gothenburg. 

 In 1884 he was made professor in the high-school at 

 Stockholm. Among his romances are Freebooter of 

 the Baltic (1857) ; The Last Athenian (1859) ; Adcen- 

 tiires of Little Vigg (1874); Roman Legends (1874). 

 Among his other books are Doctrine of the Bible on 

 Clirixt (1862); Jehovah Worship among the Hebrews 

 (1864); Pre-existence of Man (1868); Eschatolpgy 

 (I880J. He has also translated Goethe's Faust into 

 Swedish and published Poems (1882) and investiga- 

 tions in German. Muthology (1886). 



RYLE. JOHN CHARLES, English bishop, was born 

 near Macclesficld in 1816. His father was a member 

 of Parliament and he was educated at Eton and Christ 

 Church. Oxford, graduating in 1836 with honor. He 

 was ordained in 1841, and became curate of Blxbury, 

 then rector of Helmingham in 1844, and vicar of 

 Stradbroke in 1861. Although these _obscure places 

 seemed little fitted to give him reputation he soon be- 

 came widely known as the writer of pithy, forcible 

 tracts of unmistakable evangelical sentiment. In 

 1 869 he was made rural dean of Hoxic, and in 1880 

 Lord Beaconsfield called him to be bishop of the 

 newly founded diocese of Liverpool. He is an ex- 

 treme Low Churchman. Besides his tracts, which 

 have circulated by thousands, he has published Exj>o*- 

 itory Thoughts on the Gospeli (6 vols., 1856-59); Plain 

 Sp'ealcinff ( 1 86 1 ) ; Ch ristian Leaders a Hundred Years 

 Ago ( 1 865) ; Bish,y>s and Clergy of Other Days (1 869) ; 

 C'hurch Re/orm-Paperi (1870). 



