420 



SAINT GAUDEN8-8T. LOUIS. 



gainst him." He waa a member of the court- 

 martial which condemned Major Andrf as a spy, 

 and was thereafter in command f West Point. 

 lie also assisted in Duelling tin- mutiny <>t tin- IV nn- 

 svlv.iuia line, caused ly their nut receiving pay. 

 St. Clair |iarliri|iatcd in 'tin- crowning gloric.s of the 

 siege of Yorklnwii and the capture nl' Lord Corn- 

 w.iili-. He i-fin.niii .1 in the South on military duly 

 for two years later, (hi his return to Pennsyi'vaniii 

 he again took purl in the government, and in ITs.'i 

 was sent to Congress, of which Ixxly he was presi- 

 dent in 17S7. In thu next year he, was appointed 

 governor of the Northwest 'I'erricorv. After making 

 a treaty with the Indians at Fort Banner in i 

 lie established the capital of the Territory at Cin- 

 cinnati, to which place he gave its name in honor 

 of the society which had been formed Iiy the nllieersof 

 the Revolutionary arm} 1 . Early in IT'.il St. Clair was 

 nude general-in-cliief of the army, and in the 

 autumn he set out against the Indians of the Miami 

 and the \Va.h;t.sh. He was. however, crippled with 

 gout and had to be carried in a litter. (<en. l!:itler, 

 second in command, was apprised on Xov. .'id of the 

 approach of Indians, but did not communicate the 

 fact to St. Clair, nor make, any preparation. On the 

 next morning thu camp was surprised, and out of 

 140J men ot)J wore lost. Congress investigated the 

 case, an 1 a^ain St. Ciair was pronounced the victim 

 of circumstaiues beyond his control. lie resigned 

 his commission as general March 4. IT'.i.', hut con- 

 tinued as governor till November, IS'.U, when he 

 was sumniirily dismissed by Pres. Jell'er.son. He 

 retired to a small Uu-aOOMOO tin; summit of Chest- 

 nut Ridge, overlooking the valley of which he had 

 once been proprietor. In vain he pressed the 

 government for a settlement of his claims. The 

 Pennsylvania legislature in 1813 granted him an 

 annuity of 8lDi), and finally the U. S. government 

 granted the veteran pioneer a pension of $00 a 

 week. He died at Lxurel Hill, P.., Aug. 31, isis. 

 He published a N,irritive of th' m <>f ll'.n 



(1812). The publication of Tlie St. Clair Popov: 

 Life and Pu'ilic Services of Arthur St. Clair (2 vols. 

 1882), edited by W. II. Smith, has placed in clearer 

 light the m Tits of this L; -n -r.il and the difficulties 

 against whioli h" ha 1 to struggle. (j. p. L.) 



SAINT GAUDEXS, AUGUSTUS, sculptor, born 

 in Dublin, Ireland, March 1, 18t8, was brou<_'ht to 

 New York when six months old. During 1801-00 

 he was a student, fir-st at Cooper Institute, and then 

 ut the Academy of Design. He then went/o Paris, 

 where he studied for three years at the Boola des 

 Beaux Arts under Francois Joulfroy. After a year 

 spent at Rome, where his first work, Hiawatha, 'was 



Cduced, he returned to New York in 1872. He 

 since executed a number of notable works, of 

 which the most important are The Puritan, statue 

 of Samuel Cha pin il*s7i in Springfield, Mass.; por- 

 trait statues of David G. Farragut (1880) in New- 

 York, ll.bert II. Randall (1884) at Sailor's Snug 

 Harbor, Staten Island, N. Y., and Abraham Lin- 

 coln (1887) in Chicago; and portrait-bust* of AVm. 

 M. Evarts (IS72 3i, Theodore I). Wm.lsey (187(5), 

 anil (leu. Win. T. Sherman (IS-tH). His statues nre 

 noted for vigorous and realistic treatment and their 

 freedom t'ro'ii ail conventionality. (F. I,. w.) 



< \INT .lOsKPII, a city of Missouri, county-scat 

 of Hut-Inn in fo., is on th" K. bank of the Missouri 

 Rivtir. 110 miles nlxivn Kansns Citv. and 133 miles 

 8. S. E. of Omahi. It is on the Chicago, Burling- 

 ton, and Quincy Road, which has brunches hence to 

 Kansas City. Council Bluffs, nnd other points. The 

 Walmsh, St. Louis, and PncilV Railrond. St. .Joseph 

 and St. Louis. St. Joseph nnd (fiimd Island, which 

 connect* with the main line of the I'nion Pacific 

 Railroid, and St. Joseph nnd Des Moines (narrow 

 guage) are the other principal roads. The Missouri 

 River is here crossed by a fine iron railway and foot 



bridge, built in 1873 at a cost of 81, 500,000. It hns 

 "i spans, one hi-ing a pivot-draw span "1 .':>.." It it. A 

 lew miles north another railroad bridge crosses the 

 Missouri at Hulo, Nebraska. Among the principal 

 buildings nre the court house, city hall, high s< hoot, 

 opera hi'iise. State Asylum lor The Insane, nnd St. 

 ph Collegf. There are '.\'l churches, some hav- 

 ing line edilices ; connected with the Roman Catho- 

 lic churches are convents, parochial schools, and 



| asylums. The sec of the Roman Catholic bishop, 

 formerly at St. Joseph, has been transferred to Knn- 

 i ity. There nre til public schools, including 4 

 for colored children. Five- daily nnd 9 weekly IH-WS- 

 jiapers besides other periodicals are published I 

 The slrccis have In i n iMvatlv improved in nctnt 

 years, 1.,S,0(K> U'ing spent for this purpose in 1- 

 rhcro is an ellicient lire department. St. Joseph 

 has 2 national, 1 savings, and L' Slate hanks. Tin re 

 are manufactories of stoves, architei tural iron work, 

 galvanized iron work, hardware, guns, wagons, car- 

 riages, brooms, furniture, beer, Mi'iips, and cloth- 

 ing. The total value of the manufactures in 1 



i was 817,939,000. The wholesale trade for the s e 



year was Sll(i..".."S,(i:,l. Pork-pack iiii: is largely 

 carried on. St. Jusi ph was tirst settled by Joseph 

 RoUdoux, an Indian trader, who laid out the town 

 in ISl.'l. It was incorpoiali d as a city in 1851, hav- 

 ing nlrendy become noltd as the starting point for 

 the journey over the plains to the gold region of 

 California. Ill 1859 (he first railroad, the Hannibal 

 and St. Joseph, n itched this point. The outbreak 

 of the Re-hellion di stroyed lor a time the prosj.i rity 

 of the city. Alter the war the overland tnillic, 

 which had been diverted to other points, was slow 

 in returning, but since the completion of its bridge, 

 Si. Joseph has regained a share of this << niiuercc. 

 Its population in 1870 was 151,505, and in 1880 it hnd 

 increased to :!^,431. 



ST. LOUIS, the chief city of Missouri, is on the 

 v right bank of the Mississippi liivi r. 'JO 



XXI ii 183 n)iles below the confluence of the Mis- 

 ( p. 1M Am. 8ouri - ll is 1T lllill ' s '""K ''.V (>1 in its 

 Ki-p ). greatest width, nnd its munk-ipni limits 



include C2 square miles. It is Inid out 

 with genernlly straight streets, nnd in naming and 

 numbering them the Philadelphia system hns bun 

 followed. The U. S. census of 1880 showed a pop- 

 ulation of 301.704. Since that time no census of 

 any kind has been taken, but the estimates for the 

 past five years, from the most reliable sources, have 

 given the following figure s : 1884, 389,076 ; 1> 8.\ 

 4<k;,5:i<>; 18^6,423.029; 1887,428,368; 1888, 444.1 (.( I. 

 The increase is marked also by the number of new 

 dwellings. In 1884 there were 2C09 erected, vnhud 

 nt 17,816,686 ; in 1885, 2070, vnlucd at 87 370 519 ; 

 in ISM',, .'J-.'.-i. valued itt ^7,030,819 ; in 1887, 2490, 

 valued at 18,102,014. 



Th.- government of (lip city is still in the form of 

 a municipal assembly, composed of n council of 13 



j members elected on n <'eiienil ticket, nnd a house of 

 delegates cU'ctfd one from each of the 28 wards. 

 The chief officer of the latter is (he speaker. The 

 elective officers of the city nre the mayor, comp- 

 troller, treasurer, auditor, register, collector of rev- 

 enue, marshal, coroner, sherin", recorder of deeds, 

 public ndniinistrntor, the board of public improve- 

 ments, nnd 11 assessors. The appointive officers 

 consist, for the most part, of commissioners of wntor, 

 parks, sewers, health, nnd the harbor. The 

 depurtmVnt of justice comprises, besides the supn me 

 court ot Missouri, the St. Louiscourt of appeals, a pro- 

 hnte court, a circuit court, a criminal court, a court 

 of correct ion, 'J police courts, and 14 justices of the 



! peace. The militia consists of 4 companies, forming 

 a battalion, nnd also 1 troop of cavalry. Besides 

 the officers of the 1". S. government usual in large 

 cities, St. Louis has a quarter-muster's department, 

 nu nuayer, a Mississippi River commission, nud the 



