440 



SAX JACINTO-SABATOGA, 



" Rag*. (a) Rags which have IHM-II used for 

 wiping away infectious discharges should at once be 

 burned. (6) Rags collected for the pn|X'r-niakcrs 

 during the prevalence of an epidemic should be dis- 

 infected Ix-lorc they are compressed into hale* by : 

 1. Exposure to superheated steam of In", i 

 F. ) for ten minute. :!. Immersion in boiling water 

 for half an hour. 



" Ship*, (a) Infected ships at sea should 1x3 

 washed in erery accessible place, ami especially the 

 localities occupied by tin- sii k, with : 1. Solution of 

 mercuric chloride, 1 : 1UUO. 2. Solution of carlxtlic 

 tu-id, "2 per cent. The bilge should be disinfected 

 by the liberal use of a strong solution of mercuric 

 chloride. (6) Upon arrival at a quarantine station 

 xii infected ship should at once be fumigated with 

 sulphurous acid iras, using 3 pounds of sulphur for 

 every 1000 cubic feet of air-space ; the cargo should 

 then be discharged on lighters ; H liberal supply of 

 the concentrated solution of mercuric chloride (4 

 ounces to thi! gallon) should be thrown into the 

 bilge, and at the end of twenty-four hours the bilge- 

 water should Ix: pumped out and replaced with pure 

 sea water ; this should be repeated. A second fumi- 

 gation. after the removal of the cargo, is recom- 

 mended ; all accessible surfaces should be washed 

 with one of the disinfecting solutions heretofore re- 

 commended, and subsequently with soap and hot 

 water. 



" fbr rai/ipai/ car*. The directions given for dis- 

 infection of dwellings, hospital wards, and ships 

 apply as well to infected railway cars. The treat- 

 ment of excreta with a disinfectant, before they are 

 scattered along the tracks, seems desirable at all 

 times in view of the fact that they may contain in- 

 fectious germs. During the prevalence of an epi- 

 demic of cholera this is imperative. For this pur- 

 JK>SC the standard solution of chloride of lime is re- 

 commended." 



Rfferfneet. Ityijienc in America, Bowdltch ; State Board 

 of Health Keportt, Louisiana, 1882-3; American I'ulilic 

 Health report* and pawn ; U. 8. Marine Hospital Service 

 report* and paper* ; V. 8. titatutet at Larrjt; ; I'ark'* Prac- 

 tiral If^yiene ; Text Book of Hijgunt, Ron* ; Rtport nf .Sani- 

 tary Commbfiofif (New Orleans, 1854) ; 'J'ranitrtioui Cen- 

 tennial International Medical CongreM; Ti-anta<-H'i* Ninth 

 International Medical Conprew, Vol. IV.; Keports and 

 paper* National Board f Health ; State and Municipal 

 Board* of Health report*, New York ; The Sanitary Era ; 

 Annali of Ilyg'rnt; and various ftautUry publications 

 throughout the Culled State*. (p. II. n.) 



SAX JACIXTO, a battle fought on April 21, 

 18IJ6, between a force of Texans under Gen. Sam 

 Houston (for whom see ENCYCLOPEDIA BKITAN- 

 MI A i. and a Mexican army under Gen. Santa Ana. 

 The latter on hearing of the independent movement 

 in Texas led an army of .MHK) men, determined to 

 crush the opposition to his despotism. He first 

 wreaked his vengeance on the garrison of the ALAMO 

 (q. v. ). Houston's men were greatly agitated on 

 hearing of the massacre, and of a second at Goliad 

 where Col. Fannin with 500 men had capitulated on 

 March 27th. Houston sought a position near the 

 mouth of the San Jacinto, where there was a ferry, 

 and there Santa Ana came up with him on April 

 2( uli. The Texans, numl>ering 783 men, all told, 

 had two small cannon. On the morning of the '21st 

 Ilnton ordered a charge on the Mexican host of 

 2000, and with shouto of "Remember Alamo!" 

 " Keincmbvr Goliad I" the Texans carried all before 

 them, of the Mexicans G30 were killed and the 

 rest captured. The Texan loss was 8 killed and 2"> 

 wounded. Although the Texans clamored for Santa 

 Ana's life, Houston, who had licen wojnded 

 severely, |>ared him on condition of his acknowl- 

 edging the independence of Texas. The ircaeh- 

 erous Mexican afterwards tried to repudiate his 

 word, but the war was Dot renewed. 



SAN JOSE, a city of California, seat of Santa 

 Clara co., is "H miles south of San Fnux i-eo, \\itli 

 which it is connected by three lines of railroad. It 

 has a fine court-house, city hall, .' national hanks, 3 

 other banks, 4 daily and 4 weekly newspap. 

 churches, IStrhooU, the Slate Normal School, I'ni- 

 versity of the 1'acilic, and College of Notre Dame. 

 The Lcland Stanford, .Jr., University, founded hero 

 by Iceland Stanlord. president of the Central 1'acific 

 Railroad, in memory of his son, has been endowed 

 with 180,000,000. J.ick Avenue, -28 miles long, 

 leads to Lick Observatory on Mount Hamilton. 

 , San Jose was established as a mission by Spanish 

 Franciscans in 1777, but Americans came in 1>I7 

 and the city was incor|>rated in 1S">0. ]t is lighted 

 with gas and numerous electric lights, has water- 

 works, and three parks. There is a paid lire de- 

 partment with good apparatus and an automatic 

 tire-alarm system. The property is assessed at 

 nearly 118,000,000, and the only debt is bonded in- 

 debtedness of $500,000 for thc'cily hall and other 

 improvements. The yearly expense in is<7 wa s 

 ! .">7-.'. The city has 5 foundries, a woollen mill, 

 Hour mill, furniture factory. :t fruit canneries, and a 

 few factories. The surrounding country produces 

 abundance of grapes, prunes, and other fruits. 

 Wine-making is extensively carried on. The cli- 

 mate of the vicinity is very "salubrious, the extreme 

 annual range of the temperature being from '28 to 

 u:; , and the average from 42 to 70. The popula- 

 tion in 1880 was 1S.507. 



SARATOGA, UATTLE OF. This battle, in vir- 

 tue of its results, has been classed among the liftccn 

 decisive battles of the world. The British ministry, 

 irritated at the failure of theirattcnipls to crush out 

 the American movement for independence, resolved 

 to effect this by a supreme effort in 1777. So long 

 as the commimicalions between New Kngland and" 

 tin: South remained free this seemed impractii able. 

 It was determined, therefore, to sever these by 

 pouring an nrmy from Canada through the half- 

 open gateway of Ticondcroga, whence they should 

 sweep southward, and, by ellecting a junction with 

 Howe, who held New York, interpose a barrier be- 

 tween these sections of the Union. 



Gen. John Burgoyne, who was entrusted with 

 the carrying out of the scheme, stood, on June 1st, 

 nt the foot of Lake Champlain with an army of'7(Hi<) 

 English, Germans, Canadians, and Indians, while 

 Col. St. Leger was sent up the St. Lawrence to Os- 

 wego to penetrate the country from that point, 

 capture Fort Schnyler, nnd then march down the 

 Mohawk to join liurgoync in Albany. On Bur- 

 gnvne's appearance before Ticonderoga, St. ('lair, 

 the commander, conscious of his inability to hold 

 the fort, fled towards Fort Kdwnrd, the place of ren- 

 dezvous for the patriots. The British pursued, in- 

 i flicting a defeat on him at Hublmrdton, and Gen. 

 Behavior, commander of the patriot army of the 

 North, fell back from Fort Edward to CohoVs Falls. 

 Meanwhile St. Lcgcr was besieging Fort Schuyler, 

 but Arnold, who was dispatched with Six) men to its 

 relief, scattered the royalists like nutiimn leaves. 



Such were the circumstances under which the 

 main army of the North was placed at the month of 

 the Mohawk in August, 1777. Here Schuyler was 

 superseded by Gates, while Burgoyne, disc : onraged 

 by the disaster at Bennington nnd the loss at Fort 

 Schuyler, was halting at Fort Fd ward in hopes of 

 hearing from Howe. This gave (tales time to ad- 

 vance up the Hudson to Bcmis Height* and fortify 

 them for his encampment. By Sept. loth he stood 

 prepared to receive the foe. 



Hurizoyne ascended the river by the left bank, 



| crossed it on the 13th and 14th at Saratoga, in-!, on 



the 18th, was within 2 miles of Gates and making 



ready tor oattie. On the morning of the 12t:. ths 



rival hofcts stood confronting each other posted in 



