442 



SARGENT SASSAFRAS. 



by their excellence, obtained wide circulation. II 

 also edited some books of adventure and wrote 

 Planchtttc (1809), an account of spiritualism, in 

 which lie was then a believer. At various limes he | 

 had published volumes of verse, and his Sony.* of the 

 Sea (1840) included the popular song " A Life on 

 the Ocean Wave." His latest poem was Tlie 

 ::i H'/io l)<iral (1S09>. Among his novels 

 may be noted Peculiar (1803), a tale of the orer- 

 throw of slaverv. He died at Boston, Dec. 30, 1880. 



s A IK ; EXT, Lucius MANLIUS < 1780-1807), tem- 

 perance advocate, was Iwn in Boston June 

 17SH, being a grandson of Col. Epcs Sargent (lo'.u_ 

 1702'. lie studied at Harvard College and was 

 admitted to the bar but did not practice, being 

 .wed of ample fortune. He was a frequent coii- 

 tr ioutor to the Donton Transcript, and his antiqua- 

 rian sketches, Dealings with tlie Dtad, by a Sext/m of 

 t!it Oil School, were republished in 1850. His Tem- 

 )r.tnre Tabu, at first issued separately, had ex ten- I 

 five circulation in Europe and Australia, as well as ] 

 at home, and were afterwards collected in various 

 editions. He married a sister of Horace Biuney, the 

 eminent lawyer of Philadelphia, and his sons were 

 distinguished iii the war for the Union. lie died 

 at West Koxbury, June 2, 1807. 



SARGENT, WiXTHitoi- (1753-1820), a cousin of 1 

 the preceding, was born at Gloucester, Ma--., 

 graduated at Harvard College in 1771, and after 

 some experience of naval life entered the American 

 army in 1775. He served in the artillery throughout 

 the Revolutionary war and attained the rank of 

 major. After the war he took part in the enterprise 

 of ihe Ohio Company, and in 1780 was appointed by 

 Congress surveyor of the Northwest Territory, lie 

 was adjutant general in St. Clair's army in 17SU and 

 .main in Wayne's in 1794, and was first governor of 

 Mississippi Territory, 1798-1802. He died on a 

 voyage from Natchez to Philadelphia, June 3, 1820. 



His grandson, WIXTHKOP SAHOEXT ; 1825-1870), 

 was born in Philadelphia, Sept. 23, 1*25, graduated 

 at the University of Pennsylvania in 1845 and at 

 the Harvard Law School in 1847. He published a 

 History of Jiraildofk'a -EuC/tfiWo/i (185.")), Lot/it' 1st 

 Poetry if tlie Hcvolution (1857), with a supplemen- 

 tary volume in 1800, Journal of the Mrfling </ I/if 



iiHwti in 17S4 (1851), Life of M<ij>i> 

 ( 1801 ), and Lfttern of John. . ! i 772-C. ( IHliO >. 



He also contributed to the X<n'lh American Kerinr 

 and other periodicals. He practised law in Phila- 

 delphia and afterwards in New York, and died in 

 I'.iris M iv 18, 1870. 



SAR.MIEXTO, Dox DOMIXOO FAUSTINO, Presi- 

 dent of the Argentine Republic, was born at San 

 .In-ill in 1811. He was one of the opponents of (he 

 1 )ii tator Rosas and was banished, but returned in 

 1830, and established a school for young ladies. lie 

 une editor of a newspaper and was again ban- 

 i-!ied by Rosas. He then entered the service of 

 Chili and was sent to Europe to examine and re- 

 port U|x>n educational institutions nnd systems. In 

 1^">1 he returned to Buenos Avres, and was colonel 

 of a regiment in the bat I It: of Monto Casseros, by 

 which the power of Rosas was overthrown. Sar- 

 micnt'i ibi-n took a prominent part in I'raiuiiii: the 

 new constitution of the Argentine Confederation. 

 He was minister of instruction, and afterwards of 

 the interior. He also served as governor of San 

 .In. in. In 1805 he was sent as minister to the 

 United States and in 1808 he was peacefully elected 

 president of the Argentine Confederation. An UH- 

 t'ortunate war, occasioned by the. assassination of 

 Gen. Urquiza, greatly injured the prosperity of his 

 administration. It ended carlv in 187:! in the ric- 

 tory of the national troops. Sarmiento has pub- 

 lished several works on the history of his- country. 

 Mrs. Horace Mann's translation of his Li.t in l!<r 

 Argentine /frjjuWic (1868.) gives his biography. 



^AUTAIN, JOHN, who has been called the 

 founder in America of mezzotint engraving, was 

 born in Ixindon 1808. and came to the 



United States in 1830. II < was originally an en- 

 graver in tiie line manner, but in U&8 commenced 

 to practise inczzntinto, and afterward usually min- 

 gled line, mezzotinto, and stippling in bis ] 

 For some years he was also engaged in painting por- 

 traits in oil and miniatures on ivory. Later ho 

 abandoned |iainling and devoted himself entirely lo 

 engraving and literary work. Always exceedingly 

 industrious, he has produced an enormous amount 

 of work for various periodicals, annuals, and illus- 

 trated books. Of his large framing prints the b< st 

 known are Christ Rejected, after West ; The Iron 

 Worker and King Solomon, American Inventors, 

 and Zetsbcrger preaching to j.he Indians, after 

 Sehussi'le; Johu Knox and Mary Queen of ^ 

 after Leutze ; and the Battle of Gettysburg, after 

 Rothennel. In 18-13 he became proprietor and 

 editor of Campbell's Foreign 8tmi-MnMlf and Maga- 

 zine, and at the same time he had an interest in the 

 Eclectic Muxeutn. During some years alter IS Is he 

 was part-owner and editor of Surtain's I'nim Maga- 

 zine, (formerly the Union Magazine). lie has held 

 office in the Pennsylvania Academy and in various 

 artistic and other societies in Philadelphia, and in 

 1870 had charge of the art department of the Cen- 

 tennial Exhibition. He has also been the recipient 

 of numerous medals and other honors from various 

 European countries. Three of his children have 

 also chosen art as a profession. His son, SAMTKL 

 SAUTAIN, born Oct. 8, 1830, in Philadelphia, is well 

 known as an engraver. His work consists princi- 

 pally of portraits and other illustrations for books, 

 but he has also executed a number of large prints, 

 notably Clear the Track, after Sehussele ; Christ 

 Blessing Little Children, after East lake, and portraits 

 after Neagle, Sully, and other painters. Another 

 stiii, WILLIAM SAHTAIN, born in Philadelphia, Nov. 

 21, 1843, also began his career as an engraver, but 

 later turned his attention to painting. His art 

 studies were begun under Sehussele ami continued 

 in Paris under Ixkm Bonnat. In 1K77 he returned 

 to the United States and became an associate of the 

 National Academy three years later. As a teacher 

 he is widely known, having been instructor in va- 

 rious art schools in Xew York and Philadelphia. 

 Among his paintings, many of them Oriental or 

 Italian subjects, are Italian lioy's Head (1876); 

 Narcissus (1878) ; and Nubian Sheik (1879). His 

 daughter, EMILY SAKTAIX, born March 17. 1M1. 

 in Philadelphia, has also practised both engraving 

 and painting. She studied under Sehussele and 

 Luminais, and paints principally portraits. From 

 November, 1881, to February, 188.'!, she was art 

 editor of Our Continent, nnd slic has been principal 

 of the Philadelphia School of Design for AVomen 

 since 1886. (F. L. w. ) 



SASSAFRAS, a genus of plants, order /> 

 Nearly all the plants of this order possess aromatic 

 properties, which an; due to the presence (if volatile 

 oils. The typical genus is lom-n.-t, the laurel, but it 

 embraces also cinnamon, cassia, camphor, and sas- 

 safras. Sassafras is a corruption of the word Saxi- 

 frage, which now denotes a widely different family 

 of herbaceous plants. It has but a single species 

 S. officin'ilr, which is common throughout the United 

 States, forming a small tree in the North, of about 

 8 inches diameter of trunk, but in favorable situ- 

 ations southward sometimes reaching a height of 

 50 or CO feet, and from 1 to '2 feet diameter. The 

 sexes are ditucious, the leaves and flowers produced 

 from the same buds, ihe younger branches and 

 under surfaces of leaves ilownv. the (lower* ill short, 

 slender racemes, of a palc-LTcrn color, nutters with 

 4 unequal celts. The fuoale llo\\ers possess, in ad- 

 dition to the pistils, six gland-like bodies, an- 



