448 



SAXE SCJIAFF. 



Intendcnt may canw special examination* to bo made 

 whenever he "dee-ins it necessary or expedient. On 

 mich cxaminationy, persons whose testimony i re- 

 quired may be compelled to appear and t''stil\ . li 

 at any time it appears to the Mpeiintendent, from 

 examinations or reports, that any savings hank has 

 coinniiltvd a violation of iu charter <>r of law, or is 

 conelucling Im.Miiess in nn unsafe or unauthorized 

 manner, he is required to direct the discontinuance 

 thereof, and whenever such corporations refuse or 

 t to comply with his order, or whenever it 

 appears that it is unsafe or inexpedient for any such 

 corporation to continue to transact business, or ihat 

 any trustee or officer of a sayings hank lias abused 

 his trust, or IH-CII L'uilty of misconduct or malversa- 

 tion in his eiflicial position injurious to the bank, or 

 ti its depositors, the superintendent communicates 

 the facts to the attorney -general, -who institutes such 

 proceedings as the nature of the case requires 

 The proceeding instituted by the attorney -general 

 in. iv IM- for the removal of one or more of the trus- 

 r for the transfer of the corporate powers to 

 other persons, or the consolidation and merger of 

 the corporation with any other savings bank that 

 may be willing to accept of the trust, or for such 

 other relief or correction as the particular facts 

 communicated to him shall seem to require. In the 

 event of a savings bank being put into liquidation, 

 its assets are required to be distributed within 

 eighteen months. The advertising as savings banks, 

 bv individuals or corpora'! ions, without lawful au- 

 thority, is prohibited under heavy penalties. 



In Table II. are given the aggregates of the seve- 

 ral items of resources and liabilities of the savings 

 banks throughout the United Slates in 1886 and 

 s sh"wn by the most reliable data obtainable 

 from both official and unofficial sources. (E. A. W.) 



S.VXE, JOHN GpiiFKEY (1810-1887), wit and 

 poet, was born at Highgate, Vt., June -2, lsir>. He. 

 graduated at Middlebury College in ISiJ'.t, became a 

 lawyer, and in IS'il was made State attorney at 

 Burlington, when' ho al-o conducted a Democratic 

 aper until 18o8. He was in much request na 

 a lecturer, especially at college commencements and 

 before literary soci'eties. For these occasions his 

 longer poems were specially adapted, while his 

 mirth-provoking shorter ones appeared iu ihe l\,>i,-k- 

 crbrktr Mcvjuzint and various journals. From them 

 collections were mail-: 'I'lir Mm ;/ Klin/ ,n< othrr 

 (I860) ; Cltvcr .Slori-* "i .)/"/ .Vnd'-ii.s ( IStW) ; 

 (18t'ii) ; t'uliiif iiinl I.<''i< ml* "f M-i.'H/ 

 C',nntri<.i i!872) ; Tlie I'rmal Mi.-.- 1878) ; 



Leisure Dnij lilt iinirx (1875). Editions of his Cum- 

 p'tle Work* followed ; hut the poet who on-e was 

 able to evoke mirth from the gravest themes became 

 a victim to confirmed melancholy. He lived in 

 seclusion at his son's house, in Ail-any, refusing to 

 receive any company, and died there, March 31, 



,', THOMAS (1787-1830, naturalist, was born 

 at Philadelphia. July 27, ITsT. He was the son of a 

 elru_"ji-t and was trained in the same busin- 

 injudicious indorsements en used the failure of his 

 firm. When the Academy of Natural Science- v,:is 

 formed in his native city, in 1812, he was made 



>r and devoted him-elf with such ardor to sci- 

 lioii that he grudged to spend time 

 in eatiiiL'. In 1818, he joined Maclure and others in 

 exploring the islands and coast of Ci-opjia and 

 Florida, until hostilities with the Indians inter- 

 rupted the work. Say was chief geologist iu Major 



' exploring expeditions, the ant in 1*1" 

 the HiK-ky Monntains. to the second, in 18-_>:{. to the 

 courci.sof St. IVler'- Kiver, now called Ihe Minne- 

 s.ila. 'wen drew Say and Maclure into his 



K'tcialisl -el,, -in., nt New Harmony. Ind., in 1SJ.1. 

 They wen- to conduct a university forthe scientific 

 training of the communily. The entire experiment 



failed within two years, but Ray remained a* tho 



a cent of the preipcriy, and died tiiere. Oct. In 



11 is chief work is Aimrinin A'(CT//O'<W/V (I'hila. .'i vols. 



new eil. by Lecontc, IS.V.t). Of his Am- 

 Ci'iuhnliyii, only a few numbers were issued. A list 

 of his scientific articles is given iu the Aii.- 

 J'Hirniil <>f Hi-iriiee, vol. 27. 



-AVi I-:. AiiriiniAi.n HKXKY, English orion- 

 tali-t, was born at Khirehampton, Sept. -J.*.. 

 lie was educated at (irosvenor College, Hath, and 

 Queen's College, Oxford, when he graduated and 

 Ix'came fellow in ISii'.i, and tutor in 1S70. He took 

 order.- hut continued his college work, and ii 



dedeputy professor of comparative phil< 

 He took part in the English revision of the Old 

 Testament, from 1874 till 1884. Besides numerous 

 articles relating to Assyriology and kindred sn 

 he has published I'riwiiil 



(1^71 ; .1 -i , ,,.,// and Astrology of the linbylvniaiit 

 (1874) ; Intrixlwtinn of the Science of Lunyii" 

 vols. laSO) ; Monuments of the JfiOtta (1881 ) ; ' 

 f'irm InHcri/itinns f Van (1882) ; Anri< i.l A'/;, 

 the East (1884) ; >Vf,s/i Liijlit from the Jfomonmti 

 (1S84) ; Jntr'iiliii-tion to Ezra, Nehemiah, n,,<l i 



; Afai/riii; its I'rinrif l'i-icft.i. und l'inlc 



scAMMEI.L. ALKXANDER (1747-1781), colonel 

 in the American Revolutionary army, WRS born at 

 Mcndon, now Milford, Mass., March -_M, 1747. He. 

 was the son of a physician of English birth, and 

 graduated at Harvard in 17('.'.t. He taught school 

 and assisted in surveying for Holland's map of New 

 Hampshire. He had commenced the stndv of laiv 

 with John Sullivan, and when the latter was made 

 brigadier-general in 1T7.">, Scammell became his 

 brigade major, and served in the siege of Boston 

 and on Long Island. In 1776 he was made colonel 

 of the Third" New Hampshire Regiment, and fought 

 nt Trenton, Princeton, and Saratoga, being wounded 

 at the last. He was then made adjutant-general of 

 the army, hut in 17S1 he resumed service as colonel. 

 At the siege of Yorktown he was surprised while 

 reconnoitering, and after surrendering was wounded 

 so that he died at AVillianisbur", Oct. 17^1 



SCARLET FKVEK. See FKVKK. 



SCHAFF, PHILIP, a native of Switzerland, mas- 

 ter of German theology, has become a foremo-t 

 representative of Ameriian Protestantism. lie 

 was horn at Coins, Jan. 1, 18111. and was educated 

 at Stuttgart, and nt the Universities of TiibiiiL'en, 

 Halle, and Berlin, receiving from the last the de- 

 grees of Ph.D. in 1841. During his early college lim 

 he travelled extensively on the continent, and in 1S4-J 

 he began to lecture on theology nt Berlin. About 

 that time the German Reformed Church of the 

 United States was seeking to obtain closer contact 

 with the life and thought of the Evangelical Chun lies 

 of Continental Europe. For this purpose the study 

 of German philosophy and theology was promot d 

 and nn effort was made to obtain from Germany :v 

 thoroughly trained expounder of those branches. 

 Xeander, Hengstcnher:.'. Tholuck, and other-, 

 whose advice' was asked, concurred in recommend- 

 ing the young lecturer, nnd he was accordingly 

 called in 1843 to the professorship of church history 

 and exegesis in the Theological Seminary at Mcr- 

 cershnrg. 1'a. After some months spent in tr:nel 

 on the continent and in Great Britain, he sailed 

 for America and entered on his new work. In the 

 Seminary and in Marshall College, with which it 

 was closely connected, Rev. John W. Nevin, !>.!>., 

 was tho chief director. Prof. Schaff became :in 

 efficient coadjutor, teaching in both Seminary and 



Collcue. and e tribuliiii! valuable- articles l'e> the 



Mirt-i r*l<iir<i Itrricw, which they started in 

 His first iM'parale publication \ V . N 'j > ir ' 

 l J rf>tiKUintii-r,i ( 1815 1, which had been wrillin in 

 German, i"d waf translated intei Englirh, with an 



