SEELE 1' SE LBORNE. 



465 



long as -its deliberations are confined to rational 

 methods to the exclusion of turbulence and vio- 

 lence. 



What has been done by constitution,".! authority 

 to conserve the formation and expression of collec- 

 tive opinion as affecting the government has also 

 been done for the protection of individual opinion. 

 The liberty of speech and of the press secured by 

 all of our Constitutions assures to the individual im- 

 munity in the free expression of his opinions', though 

 involving in condemnation the conduct of the gov- 

 ernment or of its officers, placing such expressions 

 upon the ground of privilege and freeing him from 

 responsibility except for the truth of statements 

 prejudicial to personal character. 



These constitutional rights preclude the applica- 

 tion of the principles upon which the doctrine of 

 sedition rests to the relations between the citizen 

 and his government so long as force is absent. As 

 the doctrine of Bygone times sought to shield the 

 government from popular criticism the modern con- 

 stitutional liberty distinctly invites that criticism 

 and bestow* upon it the highest immunity. (See 

 STATES' RIGHTS.) (A. i. w.) 



SEELEY, Joii.v ROBERT, English author, wns 

 born in London in 1K.'J4. He graduated at Christ's 

 College, Cambridge, in 18T7, and became fellow in 

 1S58. He was made professor of Latin in Univer- 

 sity College, London, in 18(5.'), and professor of 

 modern history at Cambridge in 18ti!). To him is 

 attributed K-re Hnnut (1K05), a work which pro- 

 duced a profound sensation throughout the English- 

 speaking world. It professed to be a survey of the 

 life and work of Jesus Christ. Discarding all thco- 

 lo._'i<-al systems, the author took the narrative of 

 the Gospels, and endeavored to prove the influence: 

 of Jesus to be due to an "enthusiasm of humanity," 

 of which he was the exemplar and advocate. So 

 great was the effect of the book that the author 

 seems to have recoiled from pursuing the plan an- 

 nounced in his preface. Instead of issuing a work 

 on the religious system of the Gospels, he waited 

 till 1882 before publishing Natural IMiifion, a work 

 which has attracted much less attention than his 

 former. In the field of modern history Prof. Seeley 

 has treated with marked ability the themes he hns 

 handled. His Life and Times of Stein (3 vols., 187!)) 

 has made known in English the true source of the 

 recent greatness of the German empire, while the 

 Expansion of England (1S8.'J) is a graphic presenta- 

 tion of the growth of the British empire. His 

 Short History nf Jfnfnt'eim I. (188(5) is a severe in- 

 dictment of the French emperor as a selfish char- 

 latan. 



SKKLYE, JULIUS HAWLEY, educator, was born 

 at Bethel, Conn., Sept. 14, 1824. He graduated at 

 Amherst College in 1849, studied theology at An- 

 dover, and went to Germany for further study. In 

 1853 he was ordained pastor of the first Reformed 

 Church at Schenectady, N. Y. In 1858 he was 

 recalled to Amherst College as professor of moral 

 and mental philosophy. In 1872 he visited India 

 and delivered lectures to educated English-speaking 

 Hindoos on the truths of Christianity. These were 

 afterwards published at Bombay and Boston under 

 the title TheWay, the Truth, and the. Life (1874). In 

 ist4 the people of his Congressional ' district, dis- 

 contented with previous political management, no- 

 minated and elected him to Congress. He served 

 but one term, and was chosen president of Amherst 

 College in 1870, while still retaining his professor- 

 ship. His earnest Christian character has served 

 to raise the standard of education, of public opinion 

 and political action. Besides contributions to reviews 

 and many sermons and addresses, he has published 

 f'lu'ititinn Mixsii'iix (1875). 



II is brother, LAWK E\-CF. CLARK SEEI.YE. horn at 

 B.-thf'.. Conn., S-pt. 20, !&:!", graduated at Union 



' College in 1857, studied theology at Andover, and 

 ' afterwards at Berlin and Heidelberg. Returning 

 after a tour extended to Palestine, he was ordained 

 pastor of a Congregational Church at Springfield, 

 Mass., in 1863. He was made professor of English 

 literature and oratory in Amherst College in 1865, 

 and in 1874 was called to be president of the newly 

 founded Smith College for Women, at Northamp- 

 ton, Mass. He has contributed to periodical litera- 

 ture on educational topics and has prepared some 

 articles for this work. 



SEGUIN, KDOUARD (1812-1880), physician, noted 

 for his success in training idiots, was born at 

 Clamecy, France, Jan. 20, 1812. He was educated 

 at colleges of Auxerre and of St. Louis, Paris. 

 While studying medicine with Itard, who had given 

 some attention to the treatment of idiots, Seguin 

 was induced to pursue the subject more thoroughly. 

 In his first experiments he was associated with E. 

 D. Esquirol, and in 1838 he opened a school for 

 this class of patients in the Faubourg St. Martin, 

 Paris. His system received the approval of the 

 French Academy of Sciences in 1845, and he then 

 published Trailtn>ent morale, Hi/yiene et Education des 

 Iriints (1840). The revolution of 1848 having inter- 

 rupted his work at Paris, he visited the United 

 I States, where some institutions had already been 

 I founded to carry out his ideas. He assisted Dr. H. 

 ]>. Wilbur in starting the school which grew into 

 the New York State Asylum at Syracuse. In 1851 

 j he settled in Ohio, but he afterwards taught at 

 Syracuse, and then practised ns a physician at Mt. 

 Vernon, N. Y. At intervals he was engaged in 

 founding asylums for idiots in other States. In 18(13 

 he settled in New York city, and there enjoyed hi<_ r h 

 repute as a specialist in nervous diseases. Jn 1873 

 he was IT. S. Commissioner of Education at the 

 Vienna Exposition, 1873, and he prepared the cffi- 

 cial report on that department. He died at New 

 York, Oct. 28, 1880. To him the medical profession 

 owes the physiological thermometer. Among his 

 publications in English were Idiocy and its Treatment 

 by the Physiological Metliod (18<>0) ; Medical Tliermo- 

 \mrtrii (1871), and several other treatises on these 



Subject.-. 



SEISS. JOSEPH AUGUSTUS, Lutheran minister, 

 was born near Grnceham, Md., M:i n-h 18, 1823. He 

 was educated at Pennsylvania College, but did not 

 graduate, though I'e afterwards received the degree 

 of'D.D.from this institution. Havingstudied theology 

 privately, he became pastor at Martinsburg, Va., 

 i in 1843. He afterwards had charge of churches at 



Cumberland, Md. (1847), Baltimore (1852), and in 

 Philadelphia first of St. John's (1858), and later 

 of the Church of the Holy Communion (1874). 

 In 1858 he took part in forming the General Council 

 of the Lutheran Church. He edited the Prophetic 

 Timex, a monthly, 1863-75, and the Lutheran 1873- 

 7!), having previously been associate editor for some 

 years. He has published lectures on the Epistle to 

 the Hebrews (1840), on Leviticus (1860), on I ho 

 Apocalypse (3 vols., 1870-84), on the Gospels (2 vols., 

 1870), on Daniel (1879), and many other sermons. 

 His millennrian views of prophecy are set forth in 

 these and in Last Times (1856). His Miracle in 

 Stone (1877) adopts the views of Prof. C. Piazzi 

 Smyth in regard to the great pyramid of Egypt and 

 pronounces it to be a record and attestation of 

 divine revelation. In The Gospel in the Stars (1882), 

 he considers the constellations to be a typical dis- 

 play of Christian truth. His Ecclesia Lutherans 

 (1807), Luther and tlie Reformation (1883), and 

 various manuals relate chiefly to his own denomi- 

 nation. 



SELBORNE. ROUNDELL PALMER, EARL OF, 

 \vns born at Mixburg, England, Nov. 27, 1812, his 

 f:\tbpr being rector of that parish. He was educated 

 at Rugby and Winchester schools, and at Trinity 



