H:I.MA -LMIXOLES. 



College, Oxford, wlicrc lie graduated in 1- 

 had won prizes tor Latin and English VCP-C. H<- 

 became fellow of Magdalen College, and in 1^17 

 was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn. lie was 

 made Queen's Counsel in ISl'.i, having bc.-n already 

 d to Parliament from riyinoiilii. In 1SVJ lie 

 was defeated, but in the MXtTCU lie regained his 

 cat, which he held till 18,77. lie was then classed as 

 a Liberal Conservative, but afterwards became 

 distinctly liberal. In 1801 he was appointed solici- 

 tor-general in Lord Pahncrstoirs administration 

 and was knighted. He liecame a memlx-r for Rich- 

 mond and npraented this borough until lie was ele- 

 vated to the pecnme in ls7-_'. Hf was madcatlorncy- 

 gcncral in Oct., ISO.'}, under Lord John Russell, and 

 retired with him in June, 1806. When Mr. Glad- 

 stone came into power in Dec., 1808, lie offered to 

 make Sir Roundell Palmer chancellor, but the latter 

 being unable to approve fully the course propose d 

 in regard to the disestablishment and disendoivment 

 of tiic Irish Church, then declined the office, 

 though, he continued to support the Government 

 policy on most public questions. lie was counsel 

 for (treat Britain before the Geneva tribunal of arbi- 

 tration in 1871. In October, 1872, he was appointed 

 Lord Chancellor of England, and was raised to the 

 peerage by the title Baron Selbornc of Sclborne. 

 lie retired with Gladstone in February, 1874, and 

 returned to his former office when the iilicrals wen- 

 victorious in 1880. In December, 1882, be was 

 created Viscount \Volmcr, of Blackmoor, and Earl 

 <>f Solbornc. lie retired again with Mr. Gladstone in 

 iss.'i. .Sir Roundell Palmer was otcd not only for 

 his legal labors, but also (or his literary altainmeiils. 

 His Honk <>f 1' raise (18(>2i is an admirable selection 

 from the l>est English hymn writers. In 180: 5 he 

 received the degree of D.C'.L. from the University 

 of Oxford, and in 1877 he was elected Lord Rector 

 of the I'nivi rsity of St. Andrews. 



SELMA, a city of Alabama, comity scat of Dnllas 

 co., is on a bluff on the riyhl bank of the Alabama 

 liver, 100 miles N. of Mobile. It is at the intersec- 

 tion of several railroads leading to Mobile. New 

 Oregon, Memphis, and Atlanta. It has a court- 

 house, a national bank, savings bank, 2 academics, 

 2l) churches, and 1 daily and -J weekly newspapers. 

 Tim industrial works comprise iron works, cotton 

 factories,, planing mills, car shops, and other manu- 

 factories. A large trade in cotton is carried on. 

 The town is lighted with gas. In 1880 it had a 

 |Hipulation of 7"c".l. 



SFLWYN, GKOISOK An. ISMS (1ROO-1R78), an 



English missionary bishop, was born at Richmond 



in Surrey, liciug son of William Selwyn, Q. ('.. "I" 



some repute as the author of a work on Tlte Law of 



.- was educated at Eton 



:iml at St. John's College-, Cambridge. After In-ing 

 \ ic a time tutor at Eton and curate at Windsor, he 

 u !< con.-ecrated first bishop of Xew Zealand in 

 1 -H, nud in this post, which he tilled for 2<i years, 

 won great reputation for apostolic 7.eal and effi- 

 ciency. In his own small VCSM 1, Tin Soiitlirrn < 

 and often at great personal risk, be visited the South 

 S,-.-i Islands, and thence brought to Xew Zealand 

 n ilive youths whom he inslrue (eel and sent back as 

 missionaries. J. ('. Pattcson. afterwards bishop and 

 m:i rtyri for whom seeEx(, vi, i. i>r.i:in .\DHITANNICA), 

 became; bis as-i-tant in this part ( the work in IS.Vi. 

 His jurisdiction was divided in ls<.".7. He: w: 

 called to England in 1HH7. having been appointed 

 I'.i-hop of Lichllelil and administered his di<- 

 with great energy and success. ( in a visit to the 

 United Slates in 1871 he w;is received with much 

 attention, as one of the most eminent mid liclovrd 

 British prelates. His publications include Are 

 C'i//i"'c'i( liutltutifin* Useless t i -mtrl-x <n< 



Cathfdrul Inform (1&30), Sermons (IHI-Ji. a <'hr<ic 

 to Lie clergy (1840), Tlte Work of ClirU in (Itc 



World (!*.">), nnd a Verlxil Analysis rf Ihr EiUe 

 . He died at Lichlield April if, 1878; his 

 Mrntoir WHS written by II. W. Tucker (2 vols. 

 1>7'.'J. His son succeeded I'atteson as lUshop of 

 Melanesia, and his brother, WILLIAM SM.WYN 

 ( 181N_ 1*7^), was divinity professor at Cambridge 

 from 18.V), author of fccvcral b<.k~, and a reviser 

 of the translation of the Old Testament. 



H.MIXOLES, a tribe of Indians, whose name is 

 associated with the history of Florida, now reside 

 chielly in Indian Territory. They Moug to the 

 Creek or -Muse-e.ge-e- family, and having separated 

 from the main body in 17'K), were called S-n.inoli -, 

 or " wanderers." Partsof other trik-s joined with 

 them, and during the American Revolution they 

 gave much trouble to the people of Georgia. In 1784 

 the Spaniards, having recovered Florida, made a 

 treaty with the Talhipoosas nnd S-minolcs. The 

 latter claiming to l>c a distinct tril>e, repudiated 

 the treaty made in their behalf with the Unite d 

 Stales by the Creeks in 1790. They f-oon Ixgaii to 

 make raids into Georgia nnd afforded rclu-je- to 

 fugitive slaves. The Creek war of Northern Georgia 

 exttnded to them, and one of tluir forts In ing 

 destroyed they took reveiiL'e by the massacre of 

 Lieut. Scott nnd others. Gen. Gnincs drove them 

 from Georgia, and Gen. Jackson pursued tin in into 

 Florida nnd destroyed their towns. In 181 ( .i, when 

 Florida was purchased by the. United Slates, they 

 were found to number less than 4000 Indians with 

 about 80(1 negroes. As they roamed over the. whole 

 country ellbrls were made (o elisposscss tin in. By 

 the tmtT of Fort Moultrie, Sept. 18, 18-j:t, but 

 somewhat modified in the following January, they 

 gave up most of their lands for annuities which 

 would amount to 100,000, agreed to deliver up lugi- 

 tivef-laves, and accepted small r< servcsvif land. But 

 the white settlers pressed tor Ihcircompli tc removal, 

 nnd in 1^:!2 Scminolc chiefs wen- deluded into 

 making a treaty lor this purpose at Payne's Land- 

 ing. Although this treaty was rejected by nearly 

 all the tribe Preside-ill JacKMO and the U. S. Sennto 



determined to enforce it. When the chiefs op 

 the attempt, Gen. Thompson, the I". S. agent, 

 undertook to depose them, auel an e sling (Keeeila. 

 nut him in irons. On Dee. 28, IK;."I. ( 'see-nla kilkd 

 Thompson, and inaugurated a bloody war which 

 cost the United Stati-s over 10,000,000 and 1500 

 lives. Though the S-minoles struggled bravely, 

 most of (lie-in early in 1K!7 agreed' to emigrate. 

 ( (sccola, however, still fought until he was treacher- 

 ously se-iwd in October. Ill 1SV.I there- had been 

 I'.MM) S niinole s removed to the Indian Territory, 

 where they were- handed ei\er to the- Creeks. Many 

 of them dissatisfied with their treatment went M 

 to the Rio Grande, and their descendants are still 

 to be' found in Mexico. In 1S4."> anel is.'iO belter 

 treaties were- made with those in Indian Territory, 

 giving them a separate rese-r\alion. Those who slill 

 slaved in Florida had sought refuge in the Ever- 

 glades, under their chief Billy Bowle-gs, but finally 



UK. si eif these- also emigrated in IS.'iS. All te>lf, 

 J-J">4 Scniinolcs were then found in Indian Terri- 

 tory. The- tribe eliviele-el em the outbreak of the 

 civil war, anel the- Confederate government made a 

 treaty with the. lurner portion, assuming all the 

 obligations e>f I be United Stale's towards them. The 

 loyal Seminoles were deflated in a severe light on 

 Dec. -''. l^i'd. auel re-treat, d into Kansas. In Isi .'. 

 they rejoined the- main IriU-. and their old rcscr\:i- 

 lion being purchased by (be- U. S. go\criimi lit, they 

 obtained a new one i'i-"in the Creeks. A census 

 showed their number -_".i.VJ. inelnelin^ fe>me iicgi- 

 There were others in Florida and Texas. Those in 

 Indian Tcrrilory have in;ide c.iiiside rable iniprovi- 

 m.-nt under I he I raiu ill'.' of 1'resl yte -ri:in nibsionnrics. 

 Under the treaty of lst'i(i they ree-iive- an ri-nnily 

 ofS25,000. besides f^uOO fur wboola and *1U>0 for 



