JT: 



SEQUOYAII SERRANO Y DOMIXGUEZ. 



over W at 11 foot from the ground. Remains of still 

 larger trees lie on the ground. Many have 

 Badly injured by lire. The tallest is only -~- feet 

 high, anil thus not equal to those of tin- Calavcras 

 grove. Tin- Muri|H>si grove has been set apart by 

 Congress as a national park, and is under the 

 charge of a government guardian. About 12 miles 

 south of this is the Krv-.no grove, which is saiil to 

 have aliout C.OU trees, the largest being SI feet in 

 circumference. From this place south to tho Tule 

 Kivrr tho Uig I TOOK seem more abundant, and nioiv 

 generally disj>ersod through the forest. Some trn-s 

 are supposed to bo over 2000 years old, but botani-ts 

 doubt if this age is much cxcoodod. Tin: timber of 

 this species is of no great value, though the heart 

 wood, varying from reddish to deep browu, has lx:cn 

 used in cabinet work. 



S. ijiijitnict, like its congener, 8. temperriroi*. 

 seems to thrive in England. The genus can be 

 traced to a remote geological age, fossil traces of it 

 lii-inn found in the older Cretaceous. It is repre- 

 sented by 7 or 8 species in the Tertiary, ami seems 

 to have grown all round the Arctic zoiie, extending 

 in Europe as far south as Greece, and in western 

 America at least to Oregon. Oue Tertiary specie:, 

 closelv resembles 6'. gigantxi. -(C. M.) 



.s-KMioYAII. Indian chief. See GUESS. 



SERGEANT, Jomr(l77-1859), lawyer, was bora 

 at Pniladelphia, Dec. .1. ITT'.l. His father. Jonathan 

 Dickinson Sergeant (174C-17U3), also an eminent law- 

 yer, had iR'Cti a New .Jersev delegate to tho Conli- 

 nental Congress, but settled in Philadelphia before 

 tho close of the U.-volutiotiary War. Thu son gradu- 

 ated at Princeton in 17!>.~>, had a brief experience of 

 inercanlile life, then studied law and was admitted 

 to tho bar in IT'.Kt. In 1SU1 President Jell'erson ap- 

 pointed him a commissioner in bankruptcy, and he 

 served some terms in the Pennsylvania legislature. 

 Entering Congress in 1S15 he tookpftlt in the struggle 

 which resulted in the Missouri Compromise, and 

 thenceforth was closely attached to Clay. He re- 

 tired from Congrc.8 in 18-J3, but was again a member 

 1827-29and 1*-".T- -'. In 1S-JD bo was appointed one 

 of the envoys to the abortive Panama Congress and 

 in 1K.12 lie shared Clay's defeat, being the National 

 Republican candidate for vice-president. In 1SJ!7 

 In; . M to preside over the Pennsylvania 



Constitutional Convention. Honorable and learned, 

 he was a leader in his profession, and was engaged 

 in the most important eases before the I". S. Snprt me 

 Court. His last public service was a- arbitrator in 

 settling a lung pending controversy between the 



Federal Government and tho stite of New .lei 

 II- died at Philadelphia. Nov. _:!, 1S.VJ. Hi.-. >,/,,< 

 .ere published in ls:;-J. 



M:i;PA PINTo, A i. I:\ANIIIIK A r.nKirro DA; 

 ROCIIA. a Portuguese explorer of Africa, was born 

 nt the Tendaes, in I>onros, Portgual, April 20, lS-li>. 

 Ho was educated at the Hoyal Militarv ( 'ollogo, Lis- 

 lK>n, and entered the infantry in 18b'3. He served 

 as lieutenant in tUo Zambesi" war in 1ST,!), and dis- 

 tinguished himself at the battle of Massangans, 

 Nov. 'J.'!. where he had command of a native troop. 

 Hi- became major in 1*77. and then crossed Afiica 

 Iroin P> -nguola to Durban. His explorations ob- 

 tained for him high honors from the principal geo- 

 graphical s : Etiro|>c and from the King of 

 Portugal. In 1*S4 he undertook with Cardoso an 

 cvpediiioii for the exploration of the country between 

 Mozambique and Lake N'yawa. Their journey 

 though interrupted by sickness wax rich in geo- 

 graphical diseo\ me-, and extended the Portuguese 

 >ver many trilx-s <if the interior. In 

 1HM7 S.-rpa Pinto was dispatched on diplomatic 

 missions to Ivi-i Afiica. 1 1 is chief work is II 

 rr'ow'l .If,- 



BERRANOi Do.MIM.rr.X. Ft: DVKK 



I>E I.A ToitnK (1R10 1?81), Man-hal of Spain, 



born at Arjouilla, Andalusia, Sept. 17, 1810. His 

 father. General S-rrano y Cuencn, distinunishod 

 himself in the war against Napoleon. The sou 

 early entered on a military career, and having 

 joined the party of ( v >uc en .Maria Christina, was b\- 

 her influence made general at tho age ot ' :il. He 

 worked for the downfall of Espartero in 1S4:{ and 

 alter the (juoen-mollier'~ n M oration assisted Nar- 

 vae7. in his opposition to Olozaga. In 1845 he was 

 made lieutenant-general and senator and soon after 

 minister of war. After the marriage of t t ueen 

 Isabella in 1840 Serrano obtained snrh influence 

 with her that trouble arose in the royal household. 

 The ministry which supported him was overthrown 

 by public indignation. Serrano soon after b. c .in 

 a Liberal and in his endeavors to thwart Narvae/., 

 procured the recall of Kspartero and Oloxaga. He 

 was obliged, however, to accept the c-aptainc\-gi i.e- 

 ral of Granada, which withdrew him from the court. 

 In February, |s.~>l, be wa.- implicated in an insurrec- 

 tion at Saragossa and was Ijani.-hcd. Ho relumed 

 however in July" and supported the ()'I)onnell-Kr- 

 parlero ministry, until there was a rupture between 

 Us leaders. lie then took sides with O'Domull 

 and was made captain-general of New Castile, which 

 put Madrid in his power. Ho supported O'Donnell 

 in bis I-IIHJI il'tiiii of July, 18."iii, and quelled more 

 than one insurrection, 'in the next year ho was 

 made ambassador to Paris, but the fall of ( VDunncll 

 in S< pteinbcr occasioned his recall. In ls."i!i ho was 

 made captain-general of Cuba, and his attempts to 

 procure tin- restoration of Santo Domingo to Spain, 

 though finally alxirlive. served to obtain for him the 

 title of Duke de la Torre and the rank of grandee of 

 the first class. In the Senate he steadily npposid 

 Narvaex, and in June. ist;.">. when that mimstcrwas 

 temporarily driven from power. Serrano U'came cap- 

 tain-general of Madrid. But Narvaez returned in 

 ISlKi and soon prorogued the Curies. Serrano, as 

 president of the Senate, presented to the queen a 

 protest against this net as illegal, but was prosecuted 

 therefor by the ministry and fora time imprison) d. 

 When the revolution of September, 18<,8, drove the 

 queen from the country Serrano hastened to Cadiz 

 and with (ion. Prim seized the direction of the 

 government. He became president of the council 

 of ministers and commander-in-chief of the army. 

 While tho modern ideas of human rights and free- 

 dom were proclaimed and introduced into tho laws, 

 les decided iii favor of a constitutional mon- 

 archy in June, ISii'.l. lint it was not easy to gi I a 

 king to take the uncertain position, and on ilie 

 liiih S'rrano was declared regent by a vote of !'.':( 

 against -I"'. The Hepublicins had ca'rm stly rosiHi d 

 the return to monarchy and now rose in inmrreciion 

 in various places, but the marshal n adily overcame 

 them and on Oct. 17th, Valencia, their last strong- 

 hold, surrendered. Cuba took advantage of tho. 

 troubles of Spain to declare its independence, niul 

 it \va> even rumored that the marshal was n, 

 ting the cession of that island to the United Slates 

 ns the shortest way out of the difficulty. Hut on 

 the contrary the American government by prevent- 

 ing tho infriiiL'ement of neutrality gave the Spaiii-h 

 government time to recover its hold on its most 

 precious possession " the ever faithful isle." A Car- 

 list . onspiraey at liaroelona caused alarm, but was 

 overcome. Meantime the offer of the Spanish throne 

 to a Ilohen/.ollern prince was made a pretext for 

 the declaration of war by France- against Prussia, 

 with its disastrous results to the aggressor. Finally 

 Prince Amadous, son of the King of Italy, was 

 elected King of Spain Nov. IB, 1870, and was pro- 

 vailed upon to accept the throne. During his troub- 

 lous reign of fourteen months, Serrano was the 

 most prominent figure, exerting himself in eveiy 

 way to preserve order among the roslivo parti- 

 sans, Carlists nnd Republican*. The lailer -in- 



