SI I HDD -SHEEP. 



and shoes. There are also tanneries and br, 

 Sheboygan lias a good harbor, is lighted with gas, 

 and has street cars, parks, and . ks. There 



is an artesian well 1700 feet deep, whose waters are 

 medicinal. The population is chiefly of German 

 origin, and in 1880 was 7314, but is now estimated 

 to be twice as great. 



SHEDD, \VII.LIAM GnEKNouoHTHATF.u, theologian, 

 was born at Acton, Mass., June 21, 1820. He grad- 

 uated at the University of Vermont in 1831), and at 

 Andover Theological Seminary iu 1843. Alter a 

 brief pastorate in the Congregational church at 

 Brandon, Vt., he was made professor of English lit- 

 eratnre in the, University of Vermont iu 1845. 

 Thence he passed iu 1852 to Auburn Theological 

 Seminary as professor of sacred rhetoric, and in 1854 

 became professor of ecclesiastical history in Andover 

 Seminary. In 1802 he was called to be associate 

 pastor with Rev. Dr. Gardiner Spring in the Brick 

 l'n-,l>vterian Church, New York City. In ls> ; l li 

 was made professor of Biblical literature in Union 

 Theological Seminary, and in 1874 became professor 

 of systematic theology there. He edited Coleridge's 

 Wort* (185:1) and . 1 't < W'.-.s-.-i/ws (1800); 



translated some works from the German, published 

 Discourse* inni tjtit'iyx (181)2), Lecture* on. the 1'hilns- 

 o/>liy nf History (1802), aud a valuable History of 

 OtrUiauL : vols., 1804). Dr. Shedd edited 



the Gospel of Murk, iu Dr. SchafTs edition of Lange's 

 CoininfHUiry, and has since published HontUttiCt <//</ 

 ;/ Th olitgy (1807) and Sermon* to the Natural 

 M'tn (1871) ; Commentary on the Epistle to the Rom- 

 ans (1879) ; Sermon* to the Spirited M,m (1884); />-- 

 trine of Endless Punishment (1885) ; Dogmatic Theol- 

 ogy (2 vols., 1888). 



SHEEP. Ovis, the genus of the sheep, is by some 

 authors considered to representa group 

 ^ ee ^'- X JL of three or four genera, embracing in 

 jkm/Rep ) *!' according to a recent systeinatist, 

 about 21 species. The more general 

 opinion, however, makes but one genus and a much 

 smaller number of species. In the wild state both 

 sexes of the sheep are horned. The horn is large, 

 angular in form, and spirally twisted, curving in such 

 a manner that the tips point forward. It is trans- 

 versely striated or ridged, and in some 6]>ecics is 

 very large. The hair is of two kinds, a woolly inter- 

 nal coat, and an exterior covering of closer and 

 harsher hair. 



In its native state the sheep closely approaches the 

 goat in energy and activity. It is of larger size and 

 equal muscular power, and is, like it, a mountain 

 dweller, leaping from rock to rock with the greatest 

 swiftness and agility. Of the wild species t i 

 important are the Musmon (0. mttstmrt) of Euro- 

 pean Turkey and the mountainous islands of tlio 

 Mediterranean ; the Argali (0. ammon) of the moun- 

 tains of Central Asia; the African bearded sheep 

 (O. ti- i of Egypt and Barbary ; and tlio 



Rocky Mountain sheep of America (6. tnmitan'i). 

 The hitter species, called Big Horn, is found from tho 

 bills of western Nebraska to the coast ranges of the 

 Pacitic, and from the Rio Grande far to the north. 

 It is said to range to 68 north latitude, but is not 

 found in the hills of the Hudson Bay region. In tho 

 mountains of its range it occurs in flocks of from 

 three to thirty, and is remarkably agile and daring. 

 From which of these species the domestic sheep 

 ( O. nries) originated is not known. It has been so 

 long domesticated that no close resemblance to any 

 wild species remains. It diners from the wild sheep 

 in iU more massive trunk, slender legs, and less 

 graceful aspect of body, and in the great predomin- 

 ance of its woolly over its hairy covering. The 

 horns have varied or disappeared, the ears and tail 

 lengthened, and other modifications taken place. 

 la a state of captivity the sheep is markedly grega- 



rious, timid, and defenceless, and has become thor- 

 oughly adapted to life on level plains. In tin 

 \M it has changed much more thai) the goat. 



The domestic sheep ha I into a great 



vanety of breeds, several of thorn with extraordinary 

 peCUUNfitlM. < >ne of these is the fat-taii. 

 southwestein Asia, in which the tail is so loaded with 

 fat as to sometimes weigh twenty pounds; another, 

 the tailless fat-ruiii)x>d sheep of the deserts of Tar- 

 tary ; and a thud, the Ecx/an sheep of Africa, distin- 

 guished by its aiched forehead, long cars, and mane 

 on neck mid shoulders. In the modern breeding of 

 tho sheep two distinct purposes have been kept in 

 \ jew, the production of wool of superior quality and 

 quantity and that of choice and iine-tlavorcd meat. 

 MO breeder has yet succeeded in uniting these 

 qualities perfectly in a single breed, and wool and 

 iiiUtton producers are obliged to pursue opposite 

 courses. The grow th of fine mutton has long been 

 closely attended to in England, and several of the 

 breeds of that island, notably the Southdown, are 

 celebrated throughout the world for their excellence 

 in this particular. Of wool-producing sheep the 

 of all known breeds is the Merino, which in re- 

 cent times lias been brought to great perfection in 

 .Spain. It u probably the descendant of an ancient 

 breed of western Asia, from which all the flne-woolcd 

 sheep have been derived. Fiom Spain the Merino 

 has been introduced into France, Saxony, and other 

 countries of northern Europe, wheie it has been 

 crossed with the native sheep. It has also 1 

 largely imported into the United States, and forms 

 the basis of much the greater percentage of our 

 hlieeji. The Merino differs from the English sheep 

 in having wool on the forehead and cheeks. It is a 

 largo breed, with heavy horns, and fine, long, soft 

 wool, curling in close tendrils, and so oily naturally 

 that the dust adheres to it and gives i. a dingy ap- 

 pearance, though it is perfectly white \\lien waslu d. 

 The average weight of the fleece is four to fives 

 pounds. Kecent breeding, however, has much im- 

 proved the qualities of the Merino, and tho wool 

 clip of American .sheep sometimes reaches a much 

 f.;rcater overage than this. 



The .first sheep brought into the present limits 

 of the United States were landed at Jamestown in 

 1600. Sheep were introduced into New York and 

 Massachusetts about 10*25. These increased into 

 considerable flocks, and America was well provided 

 with sheep in 180], the year in which the first Mer- 

 inos were brought to this country. These were 

 imported by Mr. Seth Adams to Dorchester, Mass. 

 He afterward took his flock to Ohio, where its de- 

 scendants were lost in cross breeding. In 1802 

 Col. David Humphreys brought from Spain to 

 Derby, Conn., 90 choice Merinos. Of this flock 

 one ewe was bought by David Atwood, of Ver- 

 mont, aud became the basis of the famous Atwood 

 flock, the finest flock of pure-blooded Merinos in 

 ; this country. Merino sheep were for a time highly 

 ]>opnlnr, and were imported in large numbers, more 

 than 15,000 being brought over in 1810 and 1811. 

 After the war they fell greatly in price and most of 

 i the flocks were dispersed anil lost, though they have 

 undoubtedly greatly benefited the sheep of tho 

 United States by crossing with the older breeds. 

 The careful breeding of Merinos has mainly lie, n 

 prosecuted in Vermont, where there are several cele- 

 brated flocks, while the yield of wool has greatly 

 increased. In Spain tho best rams yield only from 

 6 to 8 Ibs. In America the yield has increased until 

 20 Ibs. and, in extreme cases, much beyond this is 

 obtained. The heaviest fleece yet cut from an 

 American Merino was 44 Ibs. 4 oz. Such sheep, 

 however, generally lack vigor, and the forcing proc- 

 ess by which such yields are produced is not profit- 

 able. One unfavorable result of very high breeding 



