BU 



SIMON. 



raining district o( New Mexico, exists another re- 

 markable deposit, whose ores are said to be very 

 rich and abundant. At various poinU in the Valley 

 of the Rio Grande are other silver-ore v.-ins. ami the 

 indication is that the whole region of Western New 

 Mexico and Eastern Arizona is rich in metallic M ins 



Nearly due east from the rich silver dri>o.sils of 

 Nevada, and about eight hundred miles distant, 

 eiist the mines of Loadville, Colo., the most pro- 

 ductive silver mines vet opened in the United States. ! 

 These are in the Rocky Mountain region, and tho 

 ore differs from that of the Sierra Nevada by being 

 associated with lead instead of gold. The lodes 

 here are comparatively horizontal, and operations 

 mnch less expensive than at Virginia City, so that 

 til- mines are worked to a mnch greater extent by I 

 individuals and by companies of small capital. The ' 

 product of the United States hitherto has been prin- 

 cipally from these two regions, though of late years 

 the Nevada yield has fallen off and that of new 

 regions grown into great importance. 



Of these newer localities may be particularly 

 named Utah and Montana. The latter Territory is 

 now second in product to Colorado, it having several 

 valuable mining districts, the richest in silver being 

 the Granite Mountain, the Anaconda, and the Alice 

 mines. In Utah, which now comes third in silver 

 product, the veins are scattered over the Territory, 

 though much the richest deposits are in Summit 

 County, tho Ontario mine being now the principal 

 producer, the Horn Silver mine, once a strong rival, 

 having dropped from competition. The silver here 

 is in connection with lead, as in Colorado. Idaho 

 Irn rich silver deposits, ia combination with gold. 

 In Wyoming the gold is more promising than the 

 silver, in one locality the silver being connected with 

 copper, below which are veins of native .silver, and 

 still farther down silver and gold combined. There 

 is probably very little silver in Oregon and Wash- 

 ington, and no promising show in California, nearly 

 all the silver from that State coming from tho mines 

 rif San Bernardino County. One-third of all the 

 gold and one-half of all the silver annually produced 

 in the world are supplied by the mines of the United 

 S'ates. The mining laws of the United States per- 

 mit miners to go upon the public domain and work 

 mines without restriction or payment of mvaltv. 

 This is different from the cnstom of othor govern- 

 ments, and unfair to the interest of the remaining 

 people of the country, yot it h.u had much to do 

 with the remarkably rapid development of our rich 

 mineral resmr 



Tim value of the output of the principal silver- 

 produeing States and Territories mid ,,f tint whole 

 United States for the year 1836 was as follows : 



Colorado IS,aO.4(W 



Montana 13,S4!I.'.0> 



N .! fl,.ei.5WI 



r- ,n s..v.9to 



New Mexico 8.7t>|,;4l 



Arizona 2,305,4'JO 



California tl,(lI<>.H2-> 



D.,kota. 4.-.':.s| 



Idaho 04,02.! 



Other State* and 

 Territoiin..... 110,873 



ToUl United State* product ................ 150,806, 134 



The. following tabln gives the production in the 

 silver-yielding countries of the world for 1887 : 



United SUIM.... |5I .fOO.nno 



Mexico ........... 82, 1 1 1 .17* 



Bolirbi ........... 18.000.000 



niili ............. 8,4.000 



Germany ......... 5,915,600 



Spain ............ 2,-8,!83 



Austria-Hangar;.. 2.090.900 

 Pern ............. J,9S7,.V 



Australia ......... 1,04H.3T0 



Jipan ............ 9HM13 



Colombia ......... 790,000 



RII. ia . . 6JC4'.>4 



Argentine Repnb- 



I.e.. 478,075 



Italy ...... 



Africa ........... 



Oreat Britain ..... 



Norway .......... aim 3 ;> 



France ........... '-Mr. -4r; 



Brazil ............ 



Rwe<lra .......... ; iii(7 



Turkey .......... 



Total world's production 



(an.) 



SIMON, Jnww, a French statMmnn and philoso- 

 pher, was born at Lorient, Dee. '.!7. 1*1 1. His family 



\\as Snisse, but from childhood he bore tho 

 name Simon, by which his father had come to bo 

 known. His early Htudies were ut the college of his 



town and afterward nt Vannes, and he had 

 already taught at Ronnes before he attended tlio 

 Normal School at Paris in 1833. Having taken his 

 degree in philosophy in IKl.'l with a thesis on I'rochis, 

 he taught at Caen and Versailles. Then ho was re- 

 called to Paris by his former master, the distin- 

 guished Cousin, whom he succeeded at the Sorbonno 

 in 1839. For twelve years his lectures were attended 

 by enthusiastic students, till the amp <l'<t<it <>: 

 caused them to be suspended. To tliis early period 

 of his career belong his treatises on ancient philoso- 

 phy, La Thtoflicle lie Pinion H <f. !;/'../ ! < IMli), ami 

 Hi'stnire da FEcole tl'Alf.r<iilrie (2 vols.. 1 M I I'.) ; his 

 editions of the French philosophers, I, Bos- 



suet, Malebranche, Arnauld ; and a M-in>i>-l ile Phi- 

 Insnpliif. (1847). Denied under the Empire an op- 

 portunity of teaching, he began in l,s.V> to conduct 

 courses in philosophy in the principal cities of Bel- 

 gium. These proved highly successful and gave him 

 a wide reputation. His visits to Belgium also had a 

 favorable effect on his mind, by showing him tho 

 practical effects of religious liberty. His Ic-ct 

 this time furnish the material of his hooks, / 

 roir (1854) ; La Religion tKiturelle (1850) ; and Li 

 Liberti fie Conscience (1859). A larger work, Ln 

 Liberle (2 vols., 1859 1, he subsequently divided under 

 the titles Lit Liberte de Peniter and l.n /./////. <<>//. 

 When the Empire seemed to hove become estab- 

 the. government's pressure was relaxed. In 

 1863 Simon was elected to the Corps Legislatif, and 

 soon became the leader of the Republican party. 

 This position was duo not merely to his ability as an 

 orator but to his intellectual force. He sought to 

 base political acts on philosophic*] principles. These 

 lie commended to the people in a number of treatises, 

 in which ho discussed the questions of labor, com- 

 pulsory education, and the various dements of the 

 radical policy. The general elections of ISfiO showed 

 the advance of his popularity and of the Republican 

 party. His name was proposed in several depart- 

 ments, and ho was elected in two. The Republican 

 opposition to tho declaration of war against Prussia 

 could not prevent Napoleon III. from rushing on his 

 fate. After the downfall of the Empire, Simon took 

 part in the government of the national defence, tli,> 

 ministry of public instruction being appropriately 

 assigned to him. Too moderate to suit the eommn- 



endency of P.iris, lie failed of election t hern 

 in l-'ebruarv, 1871, but was chosen from Maine. In 

 1'rpsident Thiers' cabinet of that year he was 

 minister of instruction. His wise measures . 

 beneficial impulse to both primary and higher edu- 

 cation. When in May, 1H73, Marshal MacMnhon 

 succeeded to the picsideney, Simon, in the Corps 

 Legislatif, became the leader of the Constitutional 

 Republicans. To him may be ascribed the defeat of 



tl "mliinod attempts Of Bonapartists, Orleanists, 



and Legitimists for the restoration of monarchy in 

 the following autumn. In I87."i lie \\as elected a 

 senator for life, and on tin 1 same day a member of 

 (lie Academy. Thus, as the wilty French exp 

 it, " One day rendered liim irremovable and immor- 

 tal." His aim at this time was to unite all the Re- 

 publican groups, but the Radical tendency xv, 

 strong. In December. 1X7(1 Mmshal Mae^lahn 

 yielded so far as to call Simon to form a cabinet, lit 

 this he had the portfolio of the interior. The mar- 

 shal again yielded so far as to dismiss from i Hire 

 ! some who were obnoxious to the Republicans. But 

 in the se\ero stniR^le which soon arose with tlio 

 clericals, the Mai'slial-l'rcsident favored thei 

 , found in a trifling accident an opportunity to ad- 



