

SIOUX CITY- SLAV I . ! ! V. 



miles wide. A thousand whites wcro killed in the 

 war and millions of dollars' worth of jm>|*>rty was 

 destroyed. Gen. Sibley conducted a successful ex- 

 p'-ditiou against the Indians. Hundreds of them 

 :i]itured, and many voluntarily surrendered. A 

 military commission sentenced 800 to be hung, but 

 only ;<9 were executed. The friendly port of the 

 tribe, who had to >M3 protected from the indiscrimi- 

 nate fury of the whiten, had lieeu placed in a barren 

 district in Dakota, where they endured privations 

 for three years. Many of the hostiles escaped into 

 the British dominions nnd settled there. The cam- 

 paign had cost the government 84<),000,()00. In IHlio 

 resort was had again to peaceful negotiation, and nine 

 treaties were made with as many different bands of 

 Sioux. In 1806 the friendly Indians were removed 

 from Dakota, and (Mni.nl about almost every year to 

 a new locality. For ten years the policy of the 

 government wavered between severity and kinduasi, 

 while the Indian and the War Departments disputed 

 where the blame should rest. About 1870 the Sun- 

 tee Sioux began tbat change for the better whose re- 

 sults are shown in the article on INDIANS, Vol. II., 

 6401. Near the northern border of Dakota, Sitting 

 nil and others hod remained in hostility. The 

 failure of the government to send supplies to the 

 agencies caused many young men to join the hostile 

 camps. In 1876 war began again, and its most ap- 

 palling incident was the massacre of Gen. G. A. 

 Caster and his command on Juno 26th. In October 

 Col. Miles hod effected a complete defeat of the 

 Sioux, but Sitting Hull escaped into Canada, and 

 scornfully refused to return when invited. The 

 government then decided to re-establish the Sioux, to 

 the number of 14,000 souls, on the Missouri River. 

 Between 1863 and 1879 the Ogullalla Sionx wero 

 moved eight time^. Their present condition is 

 shown in the article INDIANS. See also the Report* 

 of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for various 

 years; Mrs. H. H. Jackson's A ('utm-i/ of T>isluir 

 (1881); Col. G. W. Manypcuny's Our Lilian Witrtl*. 



SIOUX CITY, the county seat of Woodbury Co., 

 Iowa, is on the east bank of the Missouri River, be- 

 tween the mouths of the Floyd and the Big Sioux 

 Rivers, 125 miles above O.naha. Fivo trunk-lino 

 railroads pass through the city, and several branches 

 start from it. A railroad bridge 2000 feet long hero 

 crosses the Missouri. Sioux City lias a court-house, 

 city hall, hospital, 2 large h toln, & lnkl (3 National) 

 with combined capital of 82,000,000, 27 churches. 

 and good public schools. It has a linseed-oil mill, 

 2 flouring mills, vinegar works, spicn mills, soap 

 factory, planing mills, and sash and door factories. 

 With the Union stock-yards are connected laign 

 packing-houses, capable of packing 14,500 hogs and 

 2000 cattle daily. The total trade of the citv for 

 1887 was 88,500,000. The city is 1,100 feet above 

 the sea-level and has a total area of 30 square miles. 

 It has 60 miles of graded streets, 15 of which are 

 paved with cedar blocks. There are 12 miles of 

 treet railway, and a good system of sewerage. The 

 property is assessed at 98,000,000 ; the public debt 

 is $486,000, and the yearly expenses exceed $135,000. 

 The city, laid out in 1854, was made the county seat 

 in 1856, and was incorporated in 1857. Sioux City 

 in 1880 had a population of 7336, but has since grown 

 rapidly. 



SIX NATIONS. See Iwxjuois. 



SKATING. See SPOUTS. 



8KEAT, WAMKR WILLIAM, an English etymolo- 

 gist, was born in London, Nov. 21, 1835. He was 

 educated at Highgate School, London, and nt 

 Christ's College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 



1858. He studied theology and was ordained in 



1859, and held two curacies. In 1H<>4, being laid 

 aside from clerical work by diphtheria, he 

 LauHcelot of the Laik for the Early English Text So- 



ciety. Other works followed, and Mr. Skent began 

 to prepare a glossary for the various woikx he hud 

 examined. He also edited liarbonr's The IS, 

 ('hatterton, and the Anglo-Saxon Gospels. Il 

 founded the English Dialect Society in 1S73 nnd di- 

 rected its labors for three years. His most impor- 

 tant work is the Etymological Enylisli Dictionary 

 (1880). 



SKESE, WILLIAM FORBES, a Scottish historian, 

 was born at Invemrie, Kinrardineshire, June 7, 1S(H>. 



I He was educated at the Edinburgh Hiyh School nnd 

 at the Universities of Edinburgh and St. Andicw's. 



I He became a writer to the signet, and devoted much 

 attention to historical and antiquarian research. 

 sides several monographs, ho has published Tim 

 lliijhliindert nf Seottana: tlteir Origin, Jlisb-n/. <n- I 

 Aui 'jiiit'u* (2 vols . !>:;: ; Celtic Scotland, a tKftury 

 (>f Ancient Allmn (1876-80). The latter is in 3 vol- 

 umes, treating respectively of the History and E.h- 

 iiology. Church and Culture, and Ijuid and People. 

 Mr. Skene also edited the early iicotch historians. 

 His labors have thrown much light on what was for- 

 merly obscure and confused in the history oi Scot- 

 land. 



SKINNER, THOMAS HAHYKT (1791-1871), Presby- 

 terian minister, was born in North Carolina in 17U1. 

 He graduated at Princeton in 1810, and was made 



I copostor with Dr. T. L. Janeway, in Philadelphia, 

 in 1812. Four years later he withdrew with | art of 

 the congregation and formed the Arch Street Pres- 

 byterian Church. He was afterward professor of 

 sacred rhetoric in Audover Seminary, and in 1835 

 became pastor in New York City. In 1848 lie was 

 made professor in the Union Theological Seminary, 

 nnd held this position until his death, Feb. 1, 

 1871. Among his publications, besides sermons, were 

 J 'i-''i n I/ tuff and Hearing and ZMfMWiOM i" Ttuolyy. 



His son, bearing the same name, was born nt Phil- 

 adelphia, Oct. 6, 1820. He graduated at the Uni- 

 versity of tho City of New York in 1840, and was or- 

 dained pastor of a Presbyterian Church at PaU-rson, 

 IT, J., in 1813. Ho afterword held charges in New 

 York City, Honesdale, Pn., Stapleton, L. I., Fort 

 Wayne, Ind., and Cincinnati. He was called thence 

 to be professor of didactic and polemic theology in 



| the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the North- 

 west. 



SLANG. See AMERICANISMS. 



SLAYKKY, in the most general sense, implies a 



lelation between persons under which 



^"rv i^r ~ " ie oon duct f OI11 ' '* subject to control 



'i iL. i by another in a manner unlimited, rx- 



J\ III . IVcU. I* * _ * . i i 



cejit under son.e source of iniihon'y 

 or necessity external to the relation. Wheie the 

 form and qualilicsnf that relation are prescribed by 

 n system of laws to which the parties to the relation 

 are subject, the term slavery expresses an institu- 

 tional idea that transfers the sanction of the rights 

 and obligations incident to it from what is involved in 

 the relation itself to the system of laws under which 

 it exists. It is in this institutional sense that tho 

 term is ordinarily used, and is here employed. Wo 

 are to consider slavery as a civil institution, either 

 intended to advance the general social objects for 

 the sake of which governments are organized, or re- 

 maining as a survival of antecedent unorganized 

 conditions, anil in this light to examine the char- 

 acteristics of that type of the institution that l>ccame 

 d"im Pirated in America, but which has now disap- 

 peared fr.nn tie United States, and from nearly tho 

 entiie continent of America. 



Tho slave relation is, according to the general 

 estimation of the law of Europe nnd America, based 

 upon an obligation on the part of the slave to exer- 

 cise his entire capacity of labor and service for tho 

 benefit of the master, and under his direction, with- 

 out compensative return. Ou the other hand, the 



