5C6 



SPORTS. 



high over all heads toward the Harvard goal. If the 

 ball chance* to go over the side bounds of the Held 

 both Bides make a rush for it, and the vide capturing 

 it oat of bounds bean it back just within the limits. 

 If it striken inside the tieM, tin- side catching it puts 

 it in play. Harvard gets the bull, and they pat it in 

 motion, and their half-back breaks through nil 

 restraint and makes a " touch down. " But as he did 

 not get near enough the goal posts to make a " drop 

 kick," his play is to "pant out" the ball (made by 

 a player of the side which has made a " touch down " 

 in the opponents' goal to another of his own side for 

 a fair catch). His object is to punt so that the ball 

 will be oau.^ut in front of the goal posts. Accord- 

 ingly, Yale "lino up" along their goal line; while, 

 H.irvard, excepting the punter, " line up " 15 yards 

 away, facing Yale. The punter takes his position 

 among the Yale men, who must be 10 feot away 

 from him on either side, and makes the " punt" by 

 letting the ball fall from his hands and kicking it 

 before it touches the ground. If a " fair catch " bo 

 made the ball is passed to a Harvard man, who holds 

 it for a "drop kick " as before. But if the ball be 

 missed, the moment it touches the ground it is in 

 play again, and can be rushed by either side. The 

 Harvard man misses the bull, intentionally or other- 

 wise, but it is saved by one of his side, who grabs it. 

 and the men " line up" again. (This " lining up " 

 takes place every time the ball is about to be put in 

 play.) The centre rusher snaps it back and tho 

 quarter-back throws it to the full-back, who " drop 

 kicks " it unerringly through the Yalo goal posts, 

 making a " goal from fluid kick," which counts 5. 

 The referee now calls " Time," and the first half is 

 played. An intermission of ten minutes takes place, 

 the score standing: Harvard, 9; Yale, 6. And so 

 the game continues until the time is ended. All 

 tima lost by accidents or allowable delays is added 

 to the regulation time, that the full limit may bo 

 occupied. In g.un >s between such teams as Har- 

 vard, Princeton, and Yale more than 15 points are 

 seldom made by either side, a few points often de- 

 ciding the g.im3. Bat between those and inferior 

 teams the score mounts even into the hundreds, 

 Harvard defeating Exeter in 1838 by a score of 158 

 points to 0, the greatest on lecord. (H. it. B.) 



JUMPING. In this sport the records aro confined, 

 for the most part, to amateur athletio associations. 

 Among amateurs a fair record for the running broad 

 jump is 17 feet 9 inches ; and for tho running high 

 jump about 5 feet. Only a few years ago a standing 

 jump of 5 feet 7 inches was considered marvellous, 

 and but few American athletes could attain even 

 that. Now there are several ra<?n in almost every 

 large city who are able to accomplish it. There are 

 minv ways of approaching th. bar practised by 

 good athletes, bat those who lead in this sport run 

 toward it directly at right angles. When the bar is 

 reached the body should be crouched as lo.v as 

 possible, as only by that means are all the muscles 

 of the body brought into play. The leverage of tho 

 back is also important in assisting the jumper, and 

 by constant practice the cartilages may be brought 

 to a high state of elasticity. Th method practised 

 is to approach the bar with three uif pial long 

 bounds and two short ones, after which the crouch- 

 ing position is assumed. When making tho final 

 spring the jumper twists tho right foot violently out- 

 ward, after which both arms and legs are jerked 

 suddenly upward to give additional impetus to the 

 jump. The knees are brought into contact witli tho 

 chest, thereby causing the body to occupy tho small- 

 est passible space when crossing the bar. The sud- 

 den twisting of the right foot outward imparts a 

 similar motion to the body, thereby causing it to 

 turn half-way round from left to right. When tho 

 body is near the top of the bar the right aria is 



jerked toward the shoulder, and a similar motion 

 with the left should follow. At the instant tho 

 arms are jerked the legs shonld be shot out from 

 their doubled-up position, thus carrying the body 

 still further upward. The highest record of this 

 sort was made by E. l.yrd l'age, who cli^ued ' 

 4 inches, in Philadelphia, Oct. 7, 1887. 



KOWING is a pastime which has closely followed 

 the practice in England ; but it differs from it, more 

 especially with regard to the stroke. The stroke 

 usually adopted in England, known as the " book- 

 stroke," makes the rower r, aeh forward as far as he 

 can, and requires him to pull it clear through until 

 his body is well past a perpendicular. At liist 

 scarcely any of tho American oarsmen adopted this 

 stroke ; and yet they differed from eaeli other as 

 much as they did from tho English stroke. Tho 

 champion scullers, the professionals, and amateurs 

 appear to vary as much as they j>ossib]y can in their 

 ideas of what a correct stroke should be. It is 

 described by Edward 1 1 an Ian, of Canada, long thn 

 champion of the world, as follows: "Instead of 

 spreading my knees apart, as most rowers do when 

 reaching forward, I sit in a natural position with 

 niy legs and arms directly in line as they stretch 

 out before me. In coming back the knees close 

 somewhat, but not entirely, the elbows come close 

 to my sides, and the hands Inp over nbont (i inches. 

 Tliis wide spreading of the knees and stretching for- 

 ward to the last inch of reach puts those who r.dopt 

 it into a cramped position vhen their oars catch the 

 water, thereby casting Ft length and purchase. 

 Open-handed oars I never use. For my gient point 

 is to utilize my every ounce of strength, and open- 

 handed oars fritter uway a man's strength by spread- 

 ing his arms too wide when lie takes the water. 

 Being convinced that more speed is got aft of the 

 rowlock than forward of it, I pull an easy stroke un- 

 til my body is straight in the boot, and then sliovo 

 through steadily with all my strength, but HO bal- 

 ancing the stroke as not to jerk the boat at the fin- 

 ish. I don't begin to slide until my oars Lave taken 

 a good hold on the water, for I can only get all my 

 weight on a stroko by having my legs and nuns net 

 simultaneously that is to say, ly bringing all my 

 rowing muscles into play at tho same time. F< ico 

 is lost by a premature using of the slide. In tinn- 

 ing, after getting just post the flag, 1 drop my left 

 oar almost straight down into the water, with elbow 

 close to side, put my whole weight on it, leaning 

 slightly to tho left, so that both ends of the In at me 

 raised above the water and she cnn pivot on her 

 bilge, and then pull her around with steady stiokes 

 of tho right oar. Every inch tells in tho long run, 

 and it is by studying such little points ns these that 

 I obtained and keep my place ns champion o 

 of the world." In the American colleges a vaiiety 

 of strokes was used until 1872, when the lending col- 

 leges began to adopt the English stroke. The re- 

 sults have shown that it has won im re races than 

 the Imp-hazard strokes that have been adopted by 

 the ilillerent crews from year to year. In 1883 tlui 

 Yale Collego oarsmen adopted a very fast stroko, but 

 they suffered defeat at the hards of the I larval ds, 

 who had adopted the long sweeping stroke of tho 

 English. The Harvards had adopted this stroke by 

 degrees for ten years previously ; and even the Yale 

 men had won with the same stroke in Ih7(>. Tho 

 victory of the long stroke in 1883 was the more m'g- 

 nilicant because tho Yale men were giants in com- 

 parison with the Harvard men, and they kept up 

 their stroke of 42 to 45 a minute to the very end 

 without apparent fatigue. The inference was that 

 the longer stroke was the best. 



Among the professional rowers of America the 

 Ward brothers, of Cornwall, N. Y., appear to have 

 been the pioneers. Later, the championship of tha 



