SPOTTSYLVANIA SPRINGFIELD. 



669 



SPOTTSYLVANIA, BATTLS OF. See WILDERNESS. 



SPRAGUE, CHARLES (1791-1875), poet, was born : 

 in Bjs:on, Oct. 2t>, 1791, his father having been one 

 of tho party that threw the tea into Boston harbor. 

 The boy was educate<l at Boston, and at the age of 

 10, through aa accident, lost the sight of his left j 

 eye. At tha a*3 of 13 Ii3 entered a mercantile house i 

 as clerk, and iu 1816 hecauia a partner. In 1820 he 

 bacama teller in the State bank, and, on tha estab- 

 lishment of the Globe bank, iu 18:25, he was ap- 

 pointed cashier, and held tho offico till 1865, when 

 he withdrew from active life. He early manifested 

 a taste for poatry, an I for many years d.;voted his 

 spare tiui3 to tli3 study of the old English classics. 

 Public notica was first drawn to him as a poet by | 

 his winning the first priza for tho best prologue ou | 

 the opaning of tin Park theatre, New York, and he 

 achieved similar success at the opening of theatres 

 at Philadelphia, Silem, and Portsmon h. In 182.3 

 he won tha first pi-iz-3 ft)r tho best " Shakespeare 

 Oda," which was recited i:i the Bjston theatre. la 

 18.3.) hj djliverel at CimVidgj befora the Phi Beta 

 Kippa Sjciety of Harvard a poem on "Curiosity" 

 w'uich has baan conidored his best production. In 

 18'M ha pronounced the centennial odo at Boston ou 

 tha 2Wih anniversary of tha settlement of the city. 

 Ot his productions Ehvia P. Wliipplj says : "His 

 prologues are tha bast thai hive been written sinco 

 t!i> tim3 of Pjpa. His 'Shakespsare Odo' hai 

 hardly been excelled by anything in the same man- 

 nsr sines Gray's ' Pro.;reis of Poesy.' But tho truo 

 p->war and originality of the man are manifested in his 

 djmostic pieces. 'Tha Brothers," 'I see thee still,' 

 ail the ' Family Maathig" aro tha finest consecrations 

 of natural affjctions in our literatnre." His Prose 

 mi I P'letic'il Writings appeared at Boston in 1850, 

 nnd other editions followed in 1855 and 1876. He 

 diod at Boston, Jan. 14, 187.3. 



SPR\GUE, WILMAH BJEI, (1795-1876), best 

 known by his Amiiln of the Aiwicrtn Pulpit, was 

 born at Andiver, Conn., Oct. 16, 1795. Ho gradu- 

 ated at Yale 0->ll<;go in 1315, and studied theology 

 nt Princeton. Ha was ordained pastor of the Con- 

 gregation il Church of West Springiield, Mass., in 

 1S19, and ten yoars later took charge of the Second 

 Presbyterian Church, Albany, N. Y., to which ho 

 ministered for forty years. Ho wxs released from 

 this clurjf.i in 1833 and retired to Flushing, L. I., 

 whare he died, May 7, 1876. In his early life ho had 

 published Letters lo a D in-fitter ( 1822) ; fatten from 

 Europe (1823) ; Rinivilx of Rtligion (1832); Word* 

 to a YiKi'i-j Min's Conscience (1818), and many ser- 

 mons and commemorative discourses. At length, in 

 18V2, h. began preparations for his great biograph- 

 ical work, to contain sketches of prominent Amer- 

 ican ministers of naaiiy all denominations. Though 

 its publication wis somewhat interrupted by the 

 civil war, tha w>rk wis completed in 9 largo octavo 

 Toluraas in 1839. Volume! I. and IL comprise the 

 C in^regationalists ; IIL and IV, Presbyterians ; 

 V., Episcopalians ; VL, Baptists ; VII. , Mothodists; 

 VEIL, Unitarians ; IX., United Presbyterians, Lu- 

 therans, an I R. <fonno 1. 



SPRING, GVIID-.N-M (1785-1873), Presbyterian 

 minister, was lrn at Nevvlmryport, M-iss., Fob. 24, 

 17*3. His father, SIMUEL SPBINO (1746-1819), had 

 been a chaplain in Arnold's expedition to Canada, 

 and afterward pastor at Nawbnryport for forty years. 

 Ha took part in founding Andovor Seminary, and in 

 organizing the Amsrica\ Board of Commissioners 

 for Foreign Missions. Gardiner graduated at Yale 

 Cjllege in 1803, and. after spending over a year in 

 teaching in Bermuda, returned to New Haven to 

 study and practise law. But he soon determined to 

 enter the ministry, and, having studied theology at 

 Andover, was ordained and installed pastor of the 

 Brick Presbyterian Church, New York City, in 1810. 

 VOL. IV. 2 L 



The early years of his pastorate were marked by fre- 

 quent revivals. He took part in forming the Amer- 

 ican Bible Society in 1816, the American Tract So- 

 ciety in 1825, and the American Home Missionary 

 Society in 1826. His pulpit power and influence 

 steadily increased, and many of his bennons were 

 published. In 1861 he was prominent in securing 

 from the Presbyterian General Assembly (O. S.) res- 

 olutions giving moral support to the U. S. govern- 

 ment's defence of the Union. After that year he 

 had a colleague in the pastorate, but, though he 

 preached less often, he retained his position till his 

 death, Aug. 18, 1873. Among his publications 

 were Life of Siimnel J. Mills (1820) ; Obligations of 

 Hie World to the Bible (1839) ; The POWKT of the Pul- 

 pjt (1848) ; The Mission of Sorrow (1862) ; Pu!pit 

 Ministrations (1864) ; and Personal Reminiscences 

 (1866). 



SPRINGFIELD, tho capital of Illinois, county 

 seat of Sangamon Co., is 4 miles S. of the Sangamon 

 river, and 185 miles S. W. of Chicago, at the inter- 

 section .of iho Chicago and Alton nnd the Wabasli, 

 St. Louis nnd Pacific Railroads. The State rapitol, 

 a marble building with granite portico, is 385 feet 

 long by 296 wide, and stands in the centre of a 

 square, which is surrounded by hnndsome blocks of 

 business houses. The U. S. government offices are 

 accommodated in a tine building. Springfield has 

 also a fine State arsenal, 8 banks, 2 hospital?, 28 

 churches, 2 colleges, 3 academies, a public library, 4 

 daily and 10 weekly newspapers. Springfield is in 

 a bituminous coal region, which gives rise to impor- 

 tant industries. There are large iron-rolling mills, 

 railroad shops, paper and woollen mills, planing and 

 flour mills, a watch factory, and other factories. 

 Springfield was laid out in 1822, was selected as the 

 State capitol in 1837, and was made a city in 1840. 

 It is governed by a mayor and a board of 18 alder- 

 men. It has pas- and water-works nnd a paid fire 

 department. Its population in 1880 was 19,743. 

 Springfiold was the home of Abraham Lincoln, and 

 in Oak llidgo cemetery, near the city, stands the 

 Lincoln monument, designed by L. G. Mead aod 

 costing $264,000. Besides an obelisk, it comprises 

 a catacomb and memorial Lull. 



SPPvINGFIELD, a city of Massachusetts, county 

 Beat of Hompden Co., is on tho Connecticut river, 

 which is hero crossed by four iron bridges and a , 

 wooden bridge to West Springfield. It is 98 miles 

 west of Boston and is at (he intersection of several 

 railroads, which assist its commercial importance. 

 Besides tho lovel along the river bank, the city oc- 

 cupies part of an elevated plain extending eastward, 

 and comprises three villages and post-offices besides 

 the city proper. In the latter the streets are wide 

 and well shaded with elm- and maple-trees. There 

 are several public squares and a park of ICO acres. 

 The city lias a brown-stone post-office ; a granite 

 court-house, which cost $500,000 ; city hall, city li- 

 brary ; a Union railroad station, costing $700,000 ; 9 

 banks, 3 savings banks, 2 private banks, anil 3 insur- 

 ance companies, a high school and 30 other schools, 

 a cathedral and 30 churches, 3 daily and 8 weekly 

 newspapers. The U. S. arsenal was established hero 

 in 1777 and iu 1794 the armory was founded on Ar- 

 mory Hill. The buildings occupy a square of 20 

 acres, and about 400 hands are employed. During 

 the war ns many as 3400 were employed, .and the 

 daily product was 1000 finished arms. The arsenal 

 has usually about 300,000 stands of arms. Spring- 

 field has also cotton and woollen factories, car-works, 

 machine-shops, paper-mills, and manufactures of 

 furniture, carriages, pistols, skates, organs, trunks, 

 locks, picture-frames, buttons, needles, aud jewellery. 

 Springfield has gas since 1847, and electric light 

 since 1882, and water-works, which bring a supply 

 from Ludlow, 9 miles off, with three intermediate 



