STANLEY- STANLEY. 



573 



prominent promoter of the Pacific railroads, and in 

 1861 became president of the Central Pacific Bail- 

 road. He was elected governor of California in the 

 same year. His energy and force of character were 

 fully shown in the construction of the Pacific Kail- 

 road over the mountains in 1869. Subsequent years 

 were devoted to the development of the business of 

 the road and to the promotion of the material inter- 

 ests of California. In 1885 he was chosen U. S. sena- 

 tor. In memory of his only son he has given $20,- 

 000,000 for the endowment of a university at Palo 

 Alto, Cal. The corner-stone was laid, May 14, 1887, 

 and the buildings are expected to accommodate stu- . 

 dents in 1889. 



STANLEY, DAVID SLOANE, general, was born in 

 Cedar Valley, Ohio, June 1, "1828. In 1852 he ; 

 graduated at West Point aud was brevetted 2d lieu- ' 

 tenant in the Second Dragoons, and detailed for ser- ! 

 vice in the survey of a railroad route along the 35th 

 parallel. From 1855 till 1861 he served as a cavalry 

 officer, almost constantly on the frontier, taking part 

 in engagements against the Cheyennes and the 

 Comanches. For a successful fight against the lat- 

 ter, near Fort Arbuckle, he was complimented by 

 Gen. Scott in general orders, and in 1861 promoted 

 to a captaincy. On the outbreak of the civil war he 

 was sent to the field of active operations in Missouri, 

 where he was engaged in several actions, and in Sep- 

 tember, 1861, was nominated brigadier-general of 

 volunteers. At New Madrid he led a division, and 

 the general in command reported that he was " es- ; 

 pecially indebted to General Stanley for his efficient 

 and untiring zeal." He commanded the second di- i 

 vision of the Army of the Mississippi at the capture ; 

 of Island No. 10, aud in this capacity took part in 

 most of the skirmishes around Corinth and in the ' 

 battle of Farmington. He was in the battle of luka , 

 (Sept. 19), for his conduct in which he was com- 1 

 mended by Gan. Rosecraus, aud in that of Corinth j 

 (Oct. 3-4), where he was exposed to the severest at- 

 t i;-k of the enemy, but stood fast when other parts 

 of the line gavo way. In November, 1832, he was 

 made chief of cavalry in the Army of the Cum- ! 

 b-'i-'and, and on the 29fch promoted major-general ! 

 of volunteers. He was in active service at the bat- , 

 tie of Stone River, in the Tullahoma campaign, in- ; 

 eluding the battle of Shelbyville, and in the many j 

 minor engagements of that army. He was in com- 

 mand of the Fourth Army Corps in Sherman's Allan- ; 

 ta campaign, and took part in the battle of Jones- j 

 boro, where he was wounded. During the month of ! 

 October his command was engaged in following 

 Hood, till on the 27th it was detached from Gen. 

 Sherman's force and ordered to strengthen Gen. | 

 Thomas, who had been despatched to Nashville to j 

 resist the invasion of Tennessee. On his march j 

 toward Nashville he was engaged in frequent affairs, ' 

 distinguishing himself particularly in the action at I 

 Spring Hill. On the Fourth and Twenty-third Corps 

 (if which he was now in command) arriving at | 

 Franklin, Nov. 30th, it made a stand, and a desper- 1 

 ato hand-to-hand conflict ensued, in which he was 

 severely wounded ; refusing, however, to leave the 

 field till a notable victory had been gained. He re- 

 ceived frequent promotions, and for his skill and 

 bravery here was brevetted major-general in the 

 regular army. After being disabled for two months 

 he rejoined his command, and, after the war, led it 

 to Texas. In February, 1866, he was mustered out of 

 thn volunteer service and resumed his command in 

 the regular army, as colonel of the Twenty second 

 Infantry. In 1872-73 he was in command of the Yel- 

 lowstone expedition, and his favorable reports in re- 

 gard to the hitherto unknown Dakota and Montana 

 did much to promote emigration thitherward. In 

 1874 he was with his regiment at the lake stations ; 

 in 1879 he moved to Texas, and effectually checked , 



Indian raids in the West. In 1882 he was ordered 

 to Santa Fe, and placed in command of the district 

 of New Mexico. In March, 1884, he was assigned to 

 the Department of Texas, with the rank of brigadier- 

 general in the regular army. 



STANLEY, HENBY MORTON, explorer, was born 

 near Denbigh, Wales, in 1840. His name was then 

 John Rowlands, and at the age of three he was sent 

 to the poor-house at St. Asaph, where he stayed till 

 he was thirteen. He was then employed as a teacher 

 at Mold, Flintshire, but a year later shipped as a 

 cabin-boy for New Orleans. There a merchant 

 named Stanley gave him employment and eventually 

 adopted him. But the merchant died intestate, and 

 his property passed to other heirs. Stanley then 

 led a roving life among Indians and California 

 miners until the civil war broke out. He enlisted 

 in the Confederate army, but, being soon taken pris- 

 oner, offered to take service on the other side. He 

 was sent to the iron-clad Ticonderoga, and there 

 became acting ensign. At the close of the war he 

 went to Crete as correspondent for the New York 

 Herald, but soon left and travelled in Turkey and 

 Asia Minor. Returning, he visited Wales, and gave 

 a dinner to the poor-house children at St. Asaph. 

 In 1867, after a visit to the United States, he went as 

 a Herald correspondent to Abyssinia. By sending 

 to London the news of Lord Wolseley's victory be- 

 fore the official despatches arrived, Stanley attracted 

 universal attention to his merits. In 1868 he was 

 employed in reporting the war in Spain. In 1869 

 Mr. James G. Bennett, the proprietor of the Herald, 

 conceived the idea of sending the adventurous Stan- 

 ley into Central Africa in search of Dr. Livingstone, 

 who had been reported to be killed in 1866, but 

 whom Mr. Bennett believed to be still alive. Stan- 

 ley went first to the East, visiting Constantinople, 

 Egypt, Jerusalem, and crossing Per&ia to India, 

 which he reached in August, 1870. Thence he 

 sailed in October for Zanzibar, having decided to 

 follow in Livingstone's track. He organized an ex- 

 pedition of 192 men, divided into five caravans, the 

 first of which started inland on February 18, 1871, 

 and the last of which he accompanied on March 21. 

 His objective point was Ujiji, and he had resolved 

 to reach Unyauyembe, the half-way house, within 

 three months. In the middle of April he met an 

 Arab chief, bound eastward, who informed him that 

 Livingstone was nt Ujiji. During the first month 

 much of Stanley's route lay through the jungle, so 

 that his average day's march was only four miles, 

 \vhilo the carriers and other natives hired to accom- 

 pany him frequently gave trouble or tried to escape. 

 Still worse were his difficulties with the Englishman 

 and Scotchman whom he had engaged as his chief 

 assistants. But, in spite of fever and insect-plagues, 

 as well as the troubles from treacherous followers 

 and extortionate chiefs, he pushed on, and in June 

 reached Unyanyembe. Owing to his sickness and 

 a tribal war he remained in this vicinity till the end 

 of August, though he heard again that Livingstone 

 was at Ujiji, 400 miles distant. Across the fertile 

 regions of the interior, peopled by naked savages, 

 he toiled on, paying tribute to chief after chief for 

 permission to pass his little district. At last, on 

 Nov. 10, 1871, he sees the port of Ujiji on the great 

 lake Tanganyika. At his order his band fire their 

 guns and display the American flag, and march into 

 the town. Livingstone's servants soon salute him, 

 and conduct him to the object of his toilsome 

 search. The veteran missionary and the adventu- 

 rous correspondent exchange greetings. They spent 

 four months together, but Dr. Livingstone refused 

 to return to Europe, as his work of exploration was 

 not yet done. He accompanied Stanley on his re- 

 turn as far as Unyanyembe, to which place stores 

 had been forwarded for both parties. Though 



