.-71 



STANTON. 



floods greatly impeded the way, Stanley pressed on, 

 ml -. was again in Zanzibar, where be 



found another ex|K>ditioti, organized iui.ii-r the 

 auspices of the Royal Geograiihioul Society, making 

 pri parations to start. As, however, tlio immediate 

 object of tiiuling Livingstone had l>. n already ac- 

 complished, this expedition was abandoned for the 

 time, Imt was taken up again by Lieut. Verney L. 

 Cameron. (See AFIIICA in this work.) Stanley ar- 

 rived in England in July, 1872, and gave an account 

 of his expedition before the British Association in 

 August. Honors of all kinds were abundantly be- 

 stowed UIMIU him, and in November he published 

 his narrative, lime I Found Livingstone. Before he 

 left Africa Stanley had despatched a caravan with 

 stores for Livingstone, but it spent five months in 

 reaching hiui. Then the veteran resumed his work, 

 but the country he explored was flooded and he 

 eventually succumbed to dysentery, dying on May 

 1, 1873. 



Stanley's next famous expedition is described un- 

 der AFRICA. In this, starting again from Zanzibar 

 in the autumn of 1874, he turned off to Victoria lake, 

 which lie thoroughly explored, then made his way 

 to Ujiji, crossed to the Lualabu river, and, there em- 

 barking, proved its identity with the Congo by sail- 

 ing down that mighty stream to the Atlantic Ocean. 

 He reached the coast in Aucrust, 1877, after periU 

 far surpassing those of his first famous expedition. 

 His second heroic enterprise and the wonderful geo- 

 graphical discoveries which were then accomplished 

 are narrated in The Durk Continent (1878). Ho went 

 again to Africa in 1879 under the auspices of the 

 African International Association, of which the King 

 of Belgium was the chief patron, to explore the 

 basin of the Congo river (q. p.). In the course of 

 four years Stanley had established trading stations 

 along the river for a distance of 1400 miles, and 

 founded a government for the region. 



Toward the end of 188G Stanley undertook an 

 expedition, partly at the expense of the Egyptian 

 government, for the relief of Euiin Pacha, who had 

 seized the southern part of the territory claimed by 

 Egypt. Leaving England in January, 1887, he 

 gathered in Zanzibar a force consisting of 620 na- 

 tives of that country, with 74 other Africans and 9 

 Europeans. He also hail the help of Tippo-tip, the, 

 <t slave-dealer of Central Africa. King Leo- 

 ]>old of Belgium had furnished several steam-boats 

 fi.r use on the Congo. Stanley embarked on these 

 at Stanley Pool on April 30, 1887. Since that time 

 there have been rumors of his death, and again of 

 his safety, but the facts are not yet positively known. 



S I' ANTON, EuzAUEra CADY," an earnest "advocate 

 of " Woman's Rights," was born at Johnstown, N. Y., 

 Nov. 12, 1816. Her father, Daniel Cady, was an 

 able and learned lawyer, who for years held the of- 

 fice of judge in Fulton county. His daughter, while 

 still a child, spent much time in his oflice, whore she 

 heard many instances of the unjust discrimination of 

 tiie laws against the property rights of women. Her 

 indignation was early aroused by this, and was in- 

 creased by the little consideration shown to girls as 

 con>|>ared with boys. Her father manifested a supe- 

 rior regard for his son. and when the latter di.-d was 

 inconsolable, though he had live daughters. I wish 

 vou were a boy," he said with a sigh to his daughter 

 Elizabeth. "'Then I will be a boy, and will do all 

 my brother did,'' she replied. In pursuance of this 

 resolution she determined to learn Greek, aixl the 

 art of managing a horse, conceiving that learning 

 ii'nl courage were the principal manly characteristics. 

 She studied Greek. Latin, and mathematics, winning 

 in the first-named study a Greek Testament as a 

 prize, and afterward graduated in the Johnstown 

 Academy at the bead of her class. Her heart was 

 Mt on entering Union College, where her brother 



had been educated, and on learning that girls would 

 not be admitted her vexation and indignation 

 great. She afterward studied at Mrs. Willard's 

 inary in Troy. On reaching maturity the 

 thoughts which had been fostered in her girlhood 

 showed themselves in the life of the woman. She 

 une an ardent advocate of the anti-slavery cause, 

 ami in ls:!'.i, when 23 years of age, was married to 

 Henry 15. Stunton, an eloquent anti-slavery orator. 



Her husband had been chosen as a delegate to the 

 World's Anti-slavery Convention, which met at 

 1'ieeinasoiis' Hall, London, June 12, 1840, and 

 thither the newly wedded couple proceeded. Many 

 women-delegates had been sent from America to the 

 convention, but owing to prevailing notions about 

 women, they were riot permitted to take part in its 

 deliberations. This exclusion excited much indig- 

 nation, and added to Mrs. Stanton's feeling of the 

 injustice done to her Hex. While here she formed a 

 warm friendship with Lucretia Mott, one of the most 

 highly respected advocates of the reform upon which 

 site had set her heart. Among the Englishwomen 

 excluded from the convention were Elizabeth Fry, 

 Mary Howitt, and Amelia Opie. On her return to 

 America Mrs. Stanton resolved to devote her life to 

 reM.-ting the injustice shown, in several forms, to her 

 sex; ami in pursuance of this resolution she called, 

 in June, 1848, at her own instance, a public conven- 

 tion of women at Seneca Falls, N. Y., in which city 

 she then resided. This was the pioneer ' Woman's 

 Bights Convention " (known under that name), but 

 Mrs. Stauton went in her views beyond all the other 

 delegates in resolving to include woman's suffrage 

 among the rights demanded. Her husband and 

 Lncretia Mott strongly objected to her purpose in 

 this direction, and at the opening of the convention 

 she found only one delegate, Fiederick Douglass, to 

 support her novel demand. She had never before 

 spoken in public, but developed an excellent ability 

 in oratory, and, aided by Mr. Douglass, carried all 

 her resolutions, that demanding the ballot included, 

 through the convention. The announcement of this 

 convention made a great sensation throughout the 

 country. All the papers commented upon it, gener- 

 ally with ridicule, but Mrs. Stanton went persist- 

 ently to work to advocate her views before the 

 women of America. Two years after the convention 

 Miss Susan B. Anthony, who had at first treated the 

 demand for the ballot as ridiculous, became her 

 friend and co-worker, and together they have spent 

 their lives in ardent advocacy of this cause. 



In 18(i(i Mrs. Stanton, then living in New York 

 city, offered herself as a Congressional candidate to 

 the voters of the 8th district. Out of 23,000 votes 

 cast she polled exactly 1M. In 1868 she, in conjunc- 

 tion with Parker Pilsbury, Miss Anthony, and others, 

 started ?'// l!<'r<>lntifi. a journal in the interests of 

 women's rights. This journal was finally merged 

 in The I.ibe.rul Clirintinn, an organ of Unitaiianism. 

 r giving up lier editorship of The Ketoliititm Mrs. 

 Stanton devoted herself for 14 years to public lect- 

 uring. She is a happy and ready speaker, and by 

 her advocacy did much toward the advancement of 



\ the cause she had so much at heart. 



Apart from this exhausting work she compiled, in 

 her residence at Tenally, N. J., a ffiftmy nf Winrum, 

 .s'/'/r/-."/-' (i! vols. of KMNi pages each), embracing doc- 

 umentary evidence and biographies of its leading ad- 

 vocates. In 1882 she went to 1'i.mceon a visit to 

 her son and his wife, and in 1883 held conferences 

 in England with John Bright and others on her favor- 

 ite theme. Mis. Stanton has a son living in Frui 

 and a daughter residing in Mngl.md, and has in all five 

 sons and two daughters. The social reforms which 

 she advocates have made remarkable progress dur- 

 ing the forty yean which have elapsed since the first 



, convention at Seueca Falls. The property rights of 



