STAUNTON-STEEDMAN. 



585 



(ages were secured to South Carolina, according to 

 her estimation, by the gradual redaction of the du- 

 ties imposed to a minimum to be reached by 1842. 



of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. It has a court- 

 house, 2 banks, 10 churches, a high school and ex- 

 cellent private schools, the State asylum for lunatics, 



The next and final effort to practicalize the ideas of and the State institution for the blind, deaf, and 

 State liberty propounded by the States' rights doc- ! dumb. It contains also large iron-works, flour and 

 trine was in 1860 and 1861, when South Carolina planing mills. Three weekly newspapers are pub- 



passed an ordinance for the secession of that State 

 from the Unio/i, and was followed by ten of the 

 States that adhered to the system of legal slavery. 

 The election of Mr. Lincoln to the presidency in 



lished here. The population in 1880 was 6664. 



STEDMAN, EDMUND CLARENCE, poet and critic, 

 was born at Hartford, Conn., Oct. 8, 1833. He entered 

 Yale College in 1849, but left after some breach of 



1860 was the transfer of public authority from the discipline, though the degree of A. M. was conferred 

 southern group of States to the section of the tJnion | on him in 1871. While yet in college his poem 



where slavery had become extinct, and was inter- 

 preted by the seceding States as an indication that 

 that system could not look to indefinite continu- 



Wastminnter AMiey won a prize, and appeared in the 

 Yale Liternni Mftyrizhie in 1851. After editing the 

 Norwich Tribune, 1852-53, and the Winsted Herald, 



ance. The history of the events attending this ef- ! 1854-56, he removed to New York, and wrote for the 

 fort to withdraw from the Union is given in another | magazines nnd newspapers. His first notable snc- 



place under SECESSION. Armed resistance to the 

 authority of the United States commenced with 

 South Carolina, and a state of active hostilities en- 

 sued. The seceding States formed a confederated 



cess was gained in 1859, through the appearance in 

 the New York Tribune of The Diamond Wedding and 

 several other pieces in verse. These, with others, were 

 gathered in his Poems, Lyric nnd Idyllic (1860). The 



government and demanded that they should be Prince's. Ball, reprinted from Vanity Fair later iu the 



treated as belligerents according to the laws of war, 

 and this concession was made. The issue of the 

 conflict was determined by military means, and the 

 final surrender of the armies of the confederacy sub- 

 jected the territory of those States to the conse- 

 quences flowing from a state of war, according to 

 which the supreme authority remained in the hands 

 of the conqueror to be exercised according to his 

 will. After a brief interregnum of military govern- 

 ment, Congress provided for the readmission of the 

 seceded States into the Union, establishing by its 

 authority the popular basis upon which such recon- 

 struction should take place. The people of the sev- 

 eral States that had yielded to the military power of 

 the United States accepted the conditions offered by 

 Congress and formed State constitutions and gov- 

 ernments, and were readmitted to representation in 

 Congress. The history of these events is given un- 

 der RECONSTRUCTION. 



The whole force of the States' rights doctrine was 

 centred in the question of the right of one or more 



same year, commemorated the visit of the Prince of 

 Wales to the United States. In 1861-63 he was war 

 correspondent of the World, writing from headquar- 

 ters of the Army of the Potomac, and from Washing- 

 ton. Returning to New York in 1864 he gave up 

 journalism for the stock exchange, but continued to 

 write verse. His Alice of Mmimoitth appeared, 1864 ; 

 The Dliimeless Prince, and Other Poems, 1869 ; Rip 

 Van Winkle, 1870; and subsequent volumes, 1877 

 and 1879. His Poetical Works were collected in 

 1873, and in a Household Edition in 1884. Some of 

 his poems were written for special occasions. Get- 

 tysburg was read before the Army of the Potomac at 

 Cleveland in 1871, an Ode at Dartmouth College 

 in 1873, The Monument of Greeley at the dedication 

 in Greenwood Cemetery in 1876, The Death of Bryant 

 before the Century Club in 1878, Meridian at the 

 25th anniversary of his Yale class in 1878, and Corda 

 Concordia before the Concord School of Philosophy 

 in 1881. Of late years Mr. Stedman has turned his 

 attention to criticism, and done some of the best- 



States to secede from the Union where they had ad- considered critical writing that has been produced 

 judged the action of Congress unconstitutional and in America. Articles in Scribner's, afterward The 



detrimental to the liberties of the States. Nullifica- 

 tion could only be regarded as a temporary remedy 

 mainly intended, as claimed by Mr. Hayne, as a 

 check to induce more full consideration before act- 

 ing upon doubtful powers. The same argument 

 that would sanction the right to nullify the laws of 

 the United States within a State would justify that 

 State to secede from the Union if the act of nullifi- 

 cation proved insufficient as means of redress. 



The entire question must then be regarded as in- 

 volved in the related attitudes of the United States 

 and the confederated States. That the States that 

 remained in the Union after the act of secession held 

 to the opinion that such right of secession did not 

 exist is evidenced by the fact that they based the 

 right to make war upon it. With the success of their 

 arms restoration to the statehood implied acceptance 

 of the principles of which the war was the expression. 

 The doctrine of the war was the indissoluble union 

 of the States, to form a sovereign national govern- 



Century, were the basis of his Victorian Poets (1875), 

 of which the 13th edition (1887) is brought down to 

 date. His Poets of America (1886) is a similar work, 

 deserving even greater praise, on account of his 

 steadfast maintenance of the true judicial tone. 

 Mr. Stedman edited Austin Dobsou's Poems (1880), 

 and, with T. B. Aldrich, Cameos from Landor (1874). 

 He is now, with Miss Ellen M. Hutchinson, editing 

 a Library of American Literature, being selections 

 from all home writers of any note from the earliest 

 colonial times : this is to fill ten large volumes. 



STEEDMAN, CHARLES, rear-admiral, was born, 

 Sept. 24, 1811, at Charleston, S. C. In 1828 he entered 

 the navy as midshipman ; in 1834 became passed mid- 

 shipman, cruising in the frigates Constitution and 

 United States. In 1841 he received his promotion 

 as lieutenant, and in 1846-47 served in the Mexican 

 war in the sloop St. Mary's. When Vera Cruz was 

 bombarded he had command of the siege-guns in 

 the naval battery on shore, nnd, besides other oper- 



ment, and the restoration of the States to full consti- ations on the coast, took part in the boat-expedition 

 tutional rights was the acceptance of a corresponding j that effected the capture of Tampico. In Septem- 

 obligation upon the States thus restored. The con- ! ber, 1855, he was promoted to commander, and as 

 sequence of this acceptance was that the judiciary of ! such was in charge of the brig Dolphin in the Paro- 

 the Union, the people of the United States, and "the guay expedition. When his native State seceded in 

 States in the exercise of constitutional powers, were 1861 he resisted the efforts of family and friends 

 the ultimate recourse for the solution of all questions ' and remained loyal to the Union, to which he ren- 

 of right and duty on the part of States or individuals dered efficient service. His first service in the cause 



was to convey Gen. Ben. F. Butler, with the Eighth 

 Massachusetts Regiment, from Havre de Grace to 



within the Union. 



(A. J. w.) 

 STAUNTON, a city in Virginia, county seat of 



Augusta Co., is in the Shenandoah valley, on Lewis j Annapolis, Md., in the railroad ferry-steamer Mary- 

 Creek, 60 miles N. of Lynchburg. It is on a branch. | land, the command of which he received in an- 

 VOL. IV. 2 u 



