STILES STOCKTON. 



597 



city. From the public he received the flattering Pathology (1848) ; Tlierapentics and Materia Medicrt 

 sobriquet of " Old Ironsides." From 1816 to 1820 (I860); and Epidemic Meningitis (1867). With J. 

 he was on the Franklin, in command of the Medi- j M. Maisch he prepared the National Dispensatory 

 terranean squadron, and from 1820 to 1824 of that | (1879), and edited the second edition of Meilical Ju- 

 of the Pacific, where he vindicated the rights of 

 American commerce by compelling the annulment of 

 a paper blockade. From 1830 to 1832 he was a com- 

 missioner of the navy, and, 1838 to 1841, commanded 

 the Philadelphia navy-yard. In 1842 and 1843 he 



was in charge of the home squadron, and again of ri ver, which here expands into a lake, 18 miles N. 

 *-',?Y^ ladelphia navy-yard in 1844 and from 1854 E . of St . Paul) with which it is connec ted by rail- 

 1861 In 1862 he was made rear-admiral on the road . It contains a fine court-house, 2 national 

 retired list. He died at Bordentown, N. J., Nov. 7, baukS( 12 churches, a high school, a public library, 

 1869, havingbeen in^ service 71 years and^enior a penitentiary, 1 daily and 3 weekly newspaper. 



It has also an iron foundry, flour- and saw-mills, and 



risprudence, which had originally been prepared by 

 his brother Dr. Morlton Stills (1822-55) and Dr. 

 Francis Wharton. 



STILLWATEK, a city of Minnesota, county seat of 

 Washington Co., is on the west bank of St. Croix 



officer for 19. In 1835 his daughter, Delia Tudor, 



was married to John Henry Parnell of Avondale, ; Can .i e8 on a large trade in pine-lumber. 



County Wicklow, Ireland, by whom she is mother of i at i on j n jgSO was 9055. 



Charles Stewart Parnell (q. v.). 



STILES, EZRA (1727-1795), educator, was born at 

 North Haven, Conn., Nov. 29, 1727. His father was 

 pastor of the church at that place and published 

 some religious treatises. The son graduated at Yale 



Its popu- 



STOCKER, ADOLF, German clergyman, was born 

 at Halberstadt, Dec. 11, 1835. He was educated iu 

 his native town and at the Universities of Halle and 

 Berlin until 1857. Having been ordained in tho 



ouiue nuiaciUUB Lit:nLiat;3. xut) ruu K*UUoM3U alj J.ultt TT L i T~I T i ^-11 i i 



CoUegeinl746,becameatutorthere,andstudiedthe-iU mted 1 E y au 1 |^ lcal T Cl 1 Ur ' f t^SSf* ^T at 

 ology 8 After being licensed to preach he turned to %&&J?J&^^^ ^_ e te: 

 the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1753. 



Three 



years later, however, he was ordained pastor c,2 a 

 church at Newport, R. I., but during the occupation 

 of that city by the British he removed to Ports- 

 mouth, N. H. He was called to be president of 

 Yale College in 1778, and held that position till his 

 death, meantime discharging the duties of various 

 professors. He died, May 12, 1795. He had a high 

 reputation for learning of various kinds, from the 

 ancient languages to modern science. He made 

 some of the first electrical experiments in New Eng- 

 land, and taught all the natural sciences. Besides 

 some sermons, he published a History of the Three 

 Jinl'/'is of Charles I. (1794), and left incomplete an 

 Ecclesiastical History of Neat England. His diary 

 and other writings are preserved in Yale College li- 

 brary. His Life was written by his son-in-law, Dr. 

 Abiel Holmes (1798) and Prof. j. L. Kingsley (1842). 



STILLE, CHARLES JANEWAY, historian and educa- 

 tor, was born at Philadelphia, Sept. 23, 1819. He 

 graduated at Yale College in 1839, and was admitted 

 to the bar. During the war for the Union he was ac- 

 tive in the cause of the U. 8. Sanitary Commission 

 (q. v.), and afterward wrote its history. He also ob- 

 tained note by his pamphlet, How a Free People Con- 

 duct a Long War (1862), and some other publications. 

 In 1866 he was appointed professor of history in the 

 University of Pennsylvania (q. v.), and in 1868 was 

 made provost of that institution. From his first 

 connection with the university he endeavored to in- 

 fuse a new spirit into it, advocating the enlargement 

 of its courses of study, and especially promoting the 

 scientific department. The result of these efforts is 

 partly seen in the new buildings of the university. 

 Dr. StillS retired from his position in 1880, and has 

 since devoted himself to historical research, publish- 

 ing Studies in Mediaeval History (1881), and various 

 monographs on American history. 



His brother, ALFRED STILL, physician, was born, 

 Oct. 30, 1813. He graduated from the University 

 of Pennsylvania in 1832, and from its medical de- 

 partment in 1836. He then studied medicine in Eu- 

 rope, and in 1839 became resident physician at the 

 Pennsylvania Hospital. In 1854 he was made pro- 

 fessor of the theory and practice of medicine in 

 Pennsylvania Medical College, and held this position 

 till 1859. In 1864 he was elected to a similar chair 

 in the University of Pennsylvania, and held it for 

 twenty years, then becoming professor emeritus. 



lain to a division of the German army, and in 1874 

 he was called to Berlin as court and cathedral 

 preacher. He has published several sermons and 

 addresses, but is chiefly noted as an advocate of 

 Christian socialism and as a leader in the agitation 

 against the increasing influence of the Jews in Ger- 

 many. 



STOCKHARDT, JULIUS ADOLF (1809-1886), Ger- 

 man chemist, was born, Jan. 4, 1809, at Rohrsdorf, 

 Saxony. He was classically educated, graduated in 

 natural science as pharmacist of first class in 1833, 

 and received the degree of Ph. D. at the University 

 of Leipsic in 1838. In 1834 he travelled in England, 

 France, and Belgium, and he revisited the last two in 

 1843, to perfect his technical knowledge. In 1838 

 he taught at Dresden, and next at Chemnitz, and 

 was appointed inspector of drugs. His lectures be- 

 fore the Chemnitz Agricultural Society began a 

 popular movement, the first-fruit of which was the 

 founding at MSckern, Saxony, in 1852, of an experi- 

 ment station. The number of these institutions in 

 Europe and America now exceeds one hundred. 

 The movement has resulted in a wide diffusion of 

 knowledge of chemical principles as applied to tho 

 soil. In 1848 he became the first occupant of tho 

 chair of agricultural chemistry in the Royal Academy 

 of Tharnnd. He died there June 1, 1886. In periodi- 

 cal literature he was editor of Polt/technisches Central- 

 Halt (1846-49) ; Zeitschrift fiir deutsche Landtrirthe 

 (1850-55); Der Chtmische Ackersmann (Leipsic, 1855 

 76). His other publications are, Untersuchung der 

 Zwickauer Steinkoltle (1840) ; Erkennwig mid An-iten- 

 dung der Gif/farbe (1844) ; Schule der Chemie (1846), 

 translated as Principles of Chemistry, New York; 

 Chemische Feldpredigten (Agricultural Chemistry, 

 Phila.) ; the last-named two works are translated 

 into several languages. Stockhardt ranks next to 

 Liebig in aptness for popularizing science rather 

 than in original research. 



STOCKTON, a city of California, county seat of 

 San Joaqnin Co., is on Stockton Creek, a navigable 

 branch of the San Joaquin river, which flows 3 miles 

 westward. It is on the Central Pacific Railroad, 92 

 miles E. of San Francisco, and has also local rail- 

 roads. It has a court-house, several banks, 15 

 churches, a convent, a high school and other 

 schools, a theatre, 2 public libraries, 2 daily and 7 

 weekly newspapers, and the State asylum for the in- 

 sane. Its supply of water is chiefly from artesian 



He has also lectured before various medical soci- j wells. It was settled iu 1849, and in 1880 its popu- 

 eties, and was president of the American Medical Iation was 10,282. 



Association in 1871. He has published many pro- STOCKTON, RICHABD (1730-1781), a signer of 

 fessional treatises, including Elements of General \ the Declaration of Independence, was born near 



