STORY STOVES. 



COS 



ing without notes. He has published Constitution of I in use in the colonies, to a very limited degree, 

 the Human Soul(l&57) ; Early American Spirit (1875) ;{ Holland stoves with doors opening into the room 

 John Wyd-ffeaiulthe Firxt Enylixli Bible (1880) ; Rec- \ and with a flue from the top. The German stoves, 

 ugnition of ' l/te Supernatural (1881) ; Manliness in the also in use, had doors upon the outside of the build- 



Scholar (1883) ; Divine Origin of Christianity (1884). 



STORY, WILLIAM WETMOBE, sculptor, was born in 



Salem, Mass., Feb. 12, 1819, and was graduated at 



ing or in some other room. While they gave a good 

 heat yet there was the objection that the fire could 

 not be seen. In addition to Holland and German 



Harvard in 1838. He was the sou of the renowned ! stoves there was a limited use of charcoal fires in 

 jurist, Joseph Story (for whom, see ENCYCLOPAEDIA j pots for the heating of chambers; but with the 

 BKITANNICA). Law first claimed the sou's attention : great objection that the gases generated often proved 

 also; he was admitted to the bar, and became ^ dangerous. Franklin's stove was a great improve- 

 known as the author of treatises on the Law of .Con- j ment ou all that had preceded it. The principle of 

 tract* (1844) and Lair of Salj-s (1847). and other its action was the same as that of the air-tight 

 legal tomes. But lie also contributed to various stoves introduced many years later. Indeed, it 

 periodicals, delivered poems on several occasions, in would have been air-tight had it been possible at 

 1847 brought out his first volume of poems, and in that time to make the castings sufficiently close-fit- 

 1851 published The Life ami Lnt!ers of Joseph Story ' ting. Almost r.t the same time that Dr" Franklin 

 (2 vols.). The direction in which his tastes lay had wrote, John Potts made stoves at Pottstown, Pa.; but 

 already been indicated iu some of his writings, and no description of these is given. There are stoves 

 in 1848 he went to Italy, where he has since devoted in existence to-day, bearing the date 175C, and mau- 

 himself chiefly to art. Ha has modelled portrait- ufaetured by J. Glonninger & Co., at Huntingdon 

 statues of his father, Ed ward Everett, and George Springs, Pa. The plates are nearly one inch thick. 

 Peabody ; busts of Theodore Parker, Josiah Quincy, About 1757 Henry William Stiegel (known as Baron 

 and James Russell Lowell ; and a number of ideal Stiegel) came to Lancaster County, Pa., and built 

 works, among them Sappho, Saul, Cleopatra, Deli- the Elizabeth furnace iu the town of Mannheim. 



lah, Helen, Jerusalem iu her Desolation, Semiratnis, 

 Judith, Sardanapalus, and Thetis and Achilles. 

 Borne critics have seen talent rather than genius in 

 these thoughtful, carefully executed works, but, 



He also built a furnace and a fortified place in Leb- 

 anon County, wheie he cast the six-plate stoves which 

 were among the first of the kind in the country. He 

 was rapidly developing his industry when the war of 



though not strikingly original, they are noble and the American Revolution made it impossible for him 

 pure in sentiment, the products of a highly culti- to meet his liabilities. In 1767 William Lyle, of 



Now York City, made the first hot-air furnace. It 

 consisted of heavy plates about 30 inches square on 

 the side. From 1770 to 1775 Franklin also invented 



vated mind. In Europe he has been regarded by 

 many as the foremost among American sculptors. 

 As an author he is almost equally well known, and 



has published Roba tli Roma, sketches of Italian life, several other stoves, among them two or three for the 



I'l-ojittrtiont of the Human Figure, and various vol- burning of bituminous coal. One of these had a 



umes of poems, including Graffiti d" Italia and The downward di aught, and consumed its own smoke; 

 Roman Lanyer in Jurusalein. (P. L. w.) ' the other had a basket grate or cage, with movable 



STOUGHTON, JOHN, English Congregationalist bars at the top and bottom, which, after being filled 



author, was born at Norwich, Nov. 15, 1807. He and kindled at the top, could be inverted, and so 



was educated at Highbury and University Colleges, made to burn at the base. 

 London, and becams pastor at Windsor in 1832, and 

 at Kensington in 1843. He was chairman of the 



Between 1785 and 1795 Benjamin Thompson, 

 known as Count Rumford (see THOMPSON, in the EN- 



Congregational Union in 1856, and became professor CYCLOP.EDIA BIUTAM.ICA), devised several improve- 



of historical theology and homiletics iu New College, 

 Bt. John's Wood, London, in 1872. He resigned 



ments in stoves, ovens, etc., all intended to econo- 

 mize fuel and heat. Soon after the Revolutionary 



this post in 1884, Laving resigned his pastorate also war George Yonle established a stove store in Water 



in 1875, when he received a testimonial of 3000. 

 He was a delegate to the conferences of the Evan- 

 gelical Alliance at New York iu 1873 and at Basel 

 in 1879. He has been active with his pen and has 

 published many books relating to English church 

 history. Among them are Church tinci State 200 

 Years Ago (1862) ; Ecvkaiastical Ilixturi/ of England (6 

 vols., 1867-81) ; Religion in England, 1800-1800 

 (1834). Among his popular biographical works are 

 Philip Dodtlridge (18&1) ; Haunt* ami Humes of Martin 

 Luther (1875) ; IVnrthiai of Science (1879) ; W,Uiam 

 Wilberfurce (1880); William Penn (1882); John 

 7/"v(,-(M884) ; Italian Reformers (1881) ; Spanish Re- 

 former* (1883). 



STOVES. Several localities have laid claim to the 

 first manufacture of stoves in the United States. In 

 1741 Benjamin Franklin invented what he called a 

 "Pennsylvania fireplace," consisting of several plates 

 of cast iron with a " shutter " to regulate the draught 

 and a "register" to distribute the heat properly. 



Street, New Yoik, where he made galleys for the 

 navy. In 1812 Charles Postly made a nine-plate 

 stove of an oval xluipe with the file directly under 

 the oven and with openings on the sides in which 

 tubular boilers were placed. 



Previous to 1825 the use of stoves, generally of 

 the box pattern, and of a very rude constiuction, was 

 confined to stores, hotel bar-looms, school-houses, 

 and churches iu the cities and larger towns. In 

 these churches the stoves were sometimes raised on 

 stilts that the people in the galleries might be 

 warmed. Country churches were not usually heated, 

 but the older women carried their foot-stoves and 

 the men protected their feet with stout leather over- 

 shoes, known as " boxes." In the residences of 

 some of the more wealthy city families cannel and 

 other English coal, generally referred to at the time 

 as " sea-coal," was burned in imported grates or in 

 Rumford stoves, lined with fire-brick. A large 

 number used the Franklin stove as an open fireplace, 



In 1744 Franklin printed, from his own press, a j burning wood in it. A still greater number used the 

 description of the Pennsylvania fireplace. The book I capacious, old-fashioned fireplace. The cheapness 

 begins by stating that in the Northern colonies fires ; of fuel, the cheerfulness of an open fireplace, and 



were necessary seven or eight months in the year ; 

 and that wood was becoming scarce, and even then 

 had to bo earned as much as 100 miles before it was 

 used. Therefore the writer had invented the Penn- 



the great weight and rough construction of the stoves 

 of those days, made the latter in but little demand. 

 After the opening of the Erie and Champlain canals, 

 the introduction of river steam-boats, and the begin- 



sylvania fireplace in order to save something of the | ning of railroad travel, the facilities for transporting 

 large quantities of wood that went to waste in the I heavy goods were so much increased that the manu- 

 geueroua fireplaces of those days. There were then , facture of stoves soon became a leading industry. 



