6.;; 



TKKKY-THANKStilVING. 



nature. Although the Article* of Confederation are 

 silent as to the authority of Congress over tlir Tcrri- 

 tories, yet tin- Congress under those articles in ITsT 

 conferred territorial government on the "Territories 

 north-west of the Ohio." which had Wn ceded to the 

 Union by Virginia, and that authority was recognized 

 and confirmed by the first Congress under the Consti- 

 tution. 



The authority of Congress to acquire territory from 

 foreign states was seriously doobted l>y Mr. Jefferson, 

 yet was exercised during his pn .-i.l.-nc-y in the pur- 

 chase of Louisiana from Prance. The purchase of 

 Florida froui Spain and of Alaska from Russia, and 

 the acquisition of the western part of the continent by 

 the treaty of peace with Mexico at the close of the 

 Mexican war, are instances showing the full recogni- 

 tion of the sovereign authority of Congress over the 

 Territories of the United States. 



The territorial government established in 1787 over 

 the "Territory north-west of the Ohio" was a prece- 

 dent and model that gave definition to (lie territorial 

 policy of the United States. The form of govern- 

 ment established in that Territory was substantially 

 adopted in the succeeding organization of Territories 

 down to the organization of .Missouri Territory in 

 1812 ; it provided lor the appointment of a governor, 

 secretary, and judges of the Territory, with full legis- 1 

 lative, executive, and judicial authority, subject to the 

 Constitution and laws of the Tinted States, but with! 

 a contingent provision for the creation of a legislative 

 body when the population of the Territory should be 

 such as to demand it. Another feature of the organic 

 law of the "Territory north-west of the Ohio " which 

 has exercised a large influence over the territorial 

 policy was the proviso in that law that slavery should 

 never exist in that Territory. This was intended as an 

 organic provision that should enter into the constitu- 

 tions and laws of all the States formed out of this Ter- 

 ritory and form part of the organic law of such States. 

 and that effect has been realized and its validity 

 judicially recognized. 



The organization of the Territory of Missouri under 

 the act of 1HIU, while still retaining in the President of 

 the United States the appointment of executive and ju- 

 dicial officers, provid.-d for a legislative authority largely 

 popular in its nature, but to some extent dependent 

 upon the national authority. The legislative power 

 was vested in a general assembly, that should consist 

 of the governor, a legislative council, and a house of 

 representatives. The house of representatives was 

 filled by popular election, but the legislative council 

 was selected by the President of the United States 

 from a larger number of persons chosen by the repre- 

 sentatives, and could be removed at the pleasure of the 

 President. All laws were required to nave not only 

 the consent of (he legislative council but that of the 

 governor. All territorial laws depended lor their i-lli 

 cacy upon their consistency with the Constitution and 

 laws of the I'nited States. 



In 1816 the provisions of the organic act as to the 

 choice of the legislative council were changed so as to 

 make that body subject to popular election. The 

 territorial act of Missouri contains a Hill of Rights 

 similar to those generally introduced into the State 

 constitutions. 



Upon the admission of Missouri as a State of the 

 Union the policy of excluding slaver}' from a portion 

 of the Territories of the United States which was 

 inaugurated by the act constituting the Territory 

 North -west of the Ohio, was extended over the terri- 

 tory acquired from France under the name of Ix)uis- 

 iana. which lay north of latitude 36 30', and was 

 intended as an organic provision that should extend to 

 all Territories and States organized from that terri- 

 tory \VKRY.) (A. J. w.) 



TERRY. ALFRED HOWE, major general, was born 

 at Hartford. Conn., Nov. 10, 1827. He was educated 

 at Yak College, and was admitted to the bar in 1818. 



He WM made clerk of the New Haven county court in 

 and was active in^ the militia. During the 

 Crimean war he visited Kitrope in order to observe 

 military operations, and at tlie outbreak of the Amer- 

 ican civil war he was probably U-tter informed on siirh 

 subjects than any other American outside of the regular 

 army. The time came when his knowledge was to be 

 reduced to practice. In lsi',1 lie led his company to 

 Washington, and at the battle of Hull Kim he covered 

 the retreat and saved a large amount of government 

 property. He then raised the Seventh Connecticut 

 regiment, and with it participated in Gen. T \V. Sher- 

 man's expedition to the Georgia coast. He was en- 

 gaged in the siege of Fort Pulaski and afterwards had 

 command of it and other forts. In March, lsi',2, he 

 was commissioned brigadier-general and led a brigade 

 at the battle of Pocotaligo. In 1863 he had com- 

 mand of a division and was engaged in operations in 

 Charleston Harbor. He was afterwards with (Jen. 

 Butler's Army of the James and took part in the 

 action at Drury's I! luff. From May till December, 

 1804, he commanded the Tenth Army Corps. In 

 January, 1865, he commanded the land forces in tho 

 ex|>edition against Fort Fisher, at the mouth of Cape 

 Fear River. The, fort was captured by assault Jan. 15, 

 and from that date ran his commissions as major-gen- 

 eral of volunteers and brigadier-general U. S. A. 

 (len. Terry marched inland and joined with Gen. 

 Sherman in the closing events of the war. He after- 

 wards had command. 



Ti;\V FI K PACHA, MOHAMJTED, Khediveof Egypt, 

 was born Nov. Ill, 1852, at Cairo. He is the eldest 

 son of Ismail Pacha, and when his father was com- 

 pelled to abdicate. Aug. 8, 1879, he succeeded to the 

 throne. The principal events of his reign have been 

 narrated under Arab! Pacha (q. v.). 



Til LNK8GIVTNG, in the United States, denotes 

 an annual festival, not instituted to celebrate a single 

 event, but to show proper gratitude to God for the 

 Hessings of the closing year. It was meant to gather 

 up in thought all the mercies of a twelvemonth, all 

 the li unties of the harvest, nil the manifold gifts of 

 Providence, an .1 show a fitting recognition of the 

 whole iii gratitude which should overflow in festivity 

 and mirth. As now observed, it may be said to be 

 borrowed from the Jewish Feast of Tabernacles. The 

 Hebrews, under the Mosaic law, celebrated the good- 

 ness of God in a harvest festival, under branches o*" 

 nd in tents of palm. They fell, lieyond any 

 other ancient people, that the fruits of the earth, the 

 things needed for su.-tenance and comfort and cheer, 

 were gifts of divine beooAoMMM ; and that it was fitting 

 to express gratitude for them in a public celebration 

 in which the gifts should be enjoyed. Thanksgiving 

 day differs in these respects from the religious festivals, 

 or holy days, that have prevailed in the various Chris- 

 tian churches. There nave, however, been national 

 and local festivals which have a closer resemblance. 

 In Holland the anniversary of the deliverance of the 

 city of I^eyden from the siege. Oct. :i, 1575. was kept 

 as a religious festival of thanksgiving and praise. In 

 the Kn::lish Church service the Fifth of Novcmlier 

 is celebrated in com mem oration of the discovery of the 

 Gunpowder Plot. The German Protestants. Lutheran 

 and Reformed, have the custom of " Harvest Home," 

 with religious services as well as general feasting and 

 rejoicing. This custom was brought by German and 

 Dutch immigrants into the United States. Hence 

 prohahlv came the local Thanksgiving day in parts of 

 Long Island, after driving home for the winter the 

 cattle which, during the most of the year, were pas- 

 tured at Montauk Point. 



But the American custom of Thanksgiving is his- 

 torically traced beyond question to the earliest settlers 

 of New England. In 1621, within a year after the 

 landing of tile Pilgrims at Plymouth, Gov. Bradford 

 - follows : "They begane now to gather in the 

 small harvest they had, and to fiite up their houses 



