168 



THAXTER-THBOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. 



has any objection been made to the civil government 

 appointing a day for religious worship, though some 

 theologians, win i have diacuMed tin 1 <|uc.-tion. have in- 

 ili.it tin- rivil authorities can only recommend 

 a day lor tin- purpose, but cannot invade the religions 

 riirht ol tin- people liy enforcing its observance. This 

 Conclusion coincidc.i with the view ol the civil courts 

 from the other side, and, indeed, with the general 

 American idea of the relations of the stale to religion. 



Ill the l!in in Catholic Church Thanksgiving day 

 received no official attention until the I'lcnary Council 

 met at Baltimore in IsSV It was then recommended 

 that extra prayers be offered at the services mi that 

 tl.iy. AocurdiiiL'ly. in November. I Vss. Cardinal (iibbons 

 i-Mied a circular, rc<|ucstiiig the clergy of the arch- 

 diocese of Baltimore to honor the festival by reciting 

 the prayers for the authorities of the State and nation 

 after the late mass on that day Similar directions 

 were given by other prelates. This recognition will 

 nrobably cause a still more general observance of 

 Thanksgiving day. though American citizens of that 

 faith had already in many instances shown regard for 

 the festival. 



Thanksgiving days, appointed by the national or 

 State authorities, are a legal holiday in all the States 

 of (he I'nion. (See LEGAL HOLIDAYS.) (p. o. M.) 



THAKTHU. CKI.IA. poet, was born at 1'ortsmonlh, 

 N. 1 1 . , J line li'.l. 1S3.Y Since her fifth year she has 

 lived on Applcdore, one of the Isles of Shoals, about 9 

 miles off the coast. Her maiden-name was l/cightoii. 

 and she was married at the ape of sixteen. In 181)7 

 she wrote for the Atlnntic Mmitlili/ some essays on her 

 island-home, which were gathered in a volume 

 Aiii'nitj the Inlet of Shonh (1873). Her poems, col- 

 livted from ma<.'a/.incs and newspapers, are lull of the 

 charm and mystery of th<- 



THAYKNDANEQBA. See BRANT. JOSEPH. 



THAYKK. SVI.VAM s (ITs.VISTl 1 ). called ' Father 

 of the Military Academy" at \\Vst 1'oint, wan Itorn at 

 Brainlree. Ma<s., June I'.i, 17Vi lie u'radnated at 

 Dartmouth College in Is07, and nt West Point in 

 He was employed in the construction of coast 

 defences until 1812, when he was made chief engineer 

 of the Northern army for the inva-i -m of Canada. In 

 1815 he was sent to Europe to examine the military 

 Bchools, and on his return was made superintendent at 

 West Point. The whole system of training there used 

 was formed by Major Th.iycr. (See MIUTAUY A<- u>- 

 KUIES.) In 1833 he was employed in constructing 

 forts in B.'!on harbor, tad in ls.;x h-.-amc president 



of the Board of Mutineers for coast di-feiiee. In 1st:; 

 he went to Europe for professional purposes, and after 

 his return continued his work of coast defence until 

 18.">7, when lie was relieved of duty, though not for- 

 mally retired until ISK.'J. lie paUMud some p; 

 Monal papers and gave liberally to the i-ause of educa- 

 tion. Dartmouth College and his native town were 

 among his beneficLii 



THEATKK S,,. DKAMA. 



TIIEOUMMCAI, SEMINARIES IN THE TNI-TED 

 STATES. During the colonial period, and in the early 

 years of the republic, preparation for the ministry, ns 

 for the other professions, was obtained largely ironi 

 private > ording to location and opporlunily. 



Harvard was ill-signed as a seminary for pieaehers. and 

 a chair of divinity was founded there in I7JI. Theo- 

 lugiral ela-ie* wen- held at Vale from 1751. The lew 

 institution* of le.irning had this end more or less in 

 view, fora far larger proportion of studeir 

 ministers then than now ; but many sought instruction 

 lit home or from the nearest clergyman. The first 

 PTOtartMt theological school was initiated by th. 

 Bciatc l'rosb;-i -ri.m Synod in Beaver co., 1'a., in 

 17'.M, under John Anderson. I). I). The Associate 

 Reformed Seminary, in New York city, was bcs:uii 

 1804 under John M M..-.II. 1) I). Andovcr. New 

 Brunswick, and Princeton followed within the next 

 eight years, and there arc uuw over 1 iU institution:, of 



the kind, which may best be grouped here under the 

 heads i if the M-veral religious denominations. Tin- 

 tics arc taken chiefly from the last report of the I S. 

 Commissioner of Education (for and many 



fad- ha\i- I'cen L'athcred from the ,SVA(///' //. CM</ /:'/!- 

 cildniHiJiii. Thc-e M-hools n-present every dciv 

 strength, from a merely or nearly nominal existfiicc to 

 a long record of wide usefulness. Many of them 

 stand on their own independent foundation ; - 

 of the. greatest and sonic of the least are departments 

 of universities or colleges. In the latter case the 

 figures reported in a tew instances appear to indicate 

 the whole number of students in the college, not that 

 in the theological department. The period of study 

 in all the seminaries of higher character is 3 years, and 

 the classes are usually called senior, middle, and 

 junior. The States most extensively provided with 

 these institutions will be found to be Pennsylvania and 

 Illinois, each having 17; the denominations which 

 claim the largest numlx-r of schools and instructors are 

 the Koiuan Catholic and Bapti.-t. 



BAPTIST. 



lliimlltiin Tlifiliii/ii-iil Xnni'unru. located in the 

 village of Hamilton, N. Y., was chartered 1819 and 

 organized Is JO. As the oldest Baptist seminary in 

 America, it has been vitally identified with the history 

 of the Imdy lor two-thirds of a century, and has fur- 

 nislied a 1 ,nre proportion of its ministers. It has a 

 good endowment, 130 acres of land, three school 

 buildings, and several residences. The suivessivt) 

 presidents have been l>i>. 1>. llascall. N. Kcndiick, 

 .1 S. MaL'innis, (i. \V. Eaton, and E. I'ol-c. There 

 are 6 chairs, 5 of which are now filled. Among iheir 



upantH have been Barnas Sears. T. J. Conant. A. 



C. Kendrick, and other eminent men. The seminary 

 had at last accounts 54 students and 18,000 volumes 

 in the library. 



\i-n-tnn T/it'oInr/iciil Iiixllhili'iii. at Newton Centre, 

 Max . was organized ISJ.i and chartered 1M.V>. The 

 plan was to provide college graduates with a :i-ycars' 

 course in divinity, Ix-giuning with the Hebrew and 

 (ireek Scrijitures and giving prominence to Biblical 

 studies. This limitation has i>ecn relaxed Sufficiently 

 to admit non-graduates who could follow the subject* 

 pursued, and even to indulge a few with a 'J 

 course in English alone. The institution was opened 

 ISiTi, with Ir.i Chase. D. D., as sole teacher. II. .1. 

 Itipley, D. D. , was appointed the next year; J. D. 

 Knowles in 1834 (he died 1838); B. Scars, D. D., 

 1836, and II. B. Hnekett, I). D., 1839. From that 

 date there were 4 professors, to whom an instructor in 

 Hebrew was added ISllV From ISf.S there \\ 

 professors and a teacher of elocution. There are 

 now 8 instructors and I'.S students. Alvah IIovcv, 

 1 1. I' . IJj. !>.. is president and professor uf theology, 

 II. Lincoln. I). !.. protessor of church history, and 

 (). S. Stearns. I) I) . of Old Testament HiblicaHnte]-- 

 pretatioti. The library has I S..">(l!l volumes. The en- 

 dow nt is over $300.000, and the value of grounds 



and buildings about $130,000. There are three halls, 

 Colby, Farwell. and Sinrtevant. with a gymnasium 

 and ~i:> or more scholarships. Newton has sent forth 

 full a thousand ministers, including some "o ' 

 .aries. It is governed by a board of -is tr 

 clerical and lay. 



Shyrtlr/ VriBtfff, at rpjM-r Alton. III., opened I8-J7 

 and chartered 1S:'.'J. has a theological department un- 

 der A. A. Kendrick. l>. !>.. with '.', instructors, 13stu- 

 dciits. and a library of s-mie 7.">O(I vohini 



l!iH'llifl> r '/'/". ./n,;i,;il Sililllirl/.m Boehester. N. Y.. 



was chartered I S.'id and opened 1 8ft I with two ])rofcs- 

 !!. (I. liobinsun. l. !>.. KL. !., now president 

 of Brown I'niv' rsiiv. was long its lending spirit. 

 Drs. T. J. Com.nt, H. B. Hackctt, and 'A. C. Ken 

 dric-k held chairs. A. Strong, D. D., h:is been presi- 

 dent since I s; -2. There are now 10 instructors, among 

 them Drs. Howard Osgood and \Y. A. Stevens, and 



