TREITSCHKE TKENTON. 



699 



The question of the North-western boundary of the ; his De.r Socialismits nnd Seine Gonner (1875) he at- 

 United States still remaining unsettled, it was referred tacks tlie professorial socialism then spreading in Ger- 

 by the treaty of 1871 with Great Britain to the Em- uianj'. His Zdut Jahre Deutscher Kampfe (1875) 



peror of Germany for decision, and was afterwards 

 decided by him and carried into effect. The treaty of 

 1871 also made provision for the settlement of the 

 claims against Great Britain on account of the losses 

 sustained through depredations committed by cruisers 

 of the Confederate government built and fitted out in 

 English ports. The United States desired that the 

 claims on account of such depredations should be, de- 

 cided on judicial principles and Great Britain yielded 

 to that desire. A tribunal was constituted for that 

 purpose by the treaty ami methods of procedure stipu- 

 lated in conformity with recognized methods of judicial 



treats of tlie movements through which the kingdom 

 of Prussia became the German empire. This work 

 was but preliminary to his more important and com- 

 prehensive Deutsche Geschichte im 19 Jahrhtiiidert (5 

 vols., ] 879-80). Von Treitschke exhibits the industry 

 and sagacity of Ranke, but he has confined his labors 

 to g much narrower field, his own country and cen- 

 tury. 



TRENTON, the capital of New Jersey, county-seat 

 of Mercer co. , is on the Delaware River, at the head 

 of tidewater and steamboat navigation. By the New 

 York division of the Pennsylvania Railroad it is 56 



procedure. The result was a decision favorable to the ! miles from New York and 33 from Philadelphia. The 



United States, while the procedure is universally 

 recognized as in a judicial spirit. (See ALABAMA 

 CLAIMS.) 



The instances referred to illustrate fully the tendency 

 of American diplomacy to formulate methods of set- 

 tling international controversies that are conformable 

 to the principles applied in domestic acts of justice. 

 Should a time occur when the leading nations are will- 

 ing to forego the opportunities of aggrandizement 

 afforded by war, the effort of the diplomacy of the 

 United States so well begun will be attended with the 

 large success to which its principles entitle it. 



As the government of the United States i? the sole 

 medium of communication between the people of the 

 various States and foreign countries, the duty devolves 

 upon it of protection to all the people of the various 



States and Territories travelling, residinir, or trading , banks, and a savings bank, several hospitals and other 

 in foreign countries, and elaborate provisions are made ! buildings for benevolent and charitable institutions. 



Bound Brook branch of the Philadelphia and Reading 

 Railroad also connects it with those cities, and several 

 other railroads pass through or terminate in the city. 

 There is also daily steamboat communication with 

 Philadelphia. Two fine bridges here cross the Dela- 

 ware. Assanpink Creek divides the city into two parts. 

 Trenton stands chiefly on high ground, and has wide, 

 shady, well-drained streets. Handsome residences 

 occupy picturesque sites in the suburbs. The public 

 buildings comprise a fine State-house, IT. S. govern- 

 ment buildings, county court-house, city-hall, State 

 Lunatic Asylum, State Arsenal, penitentiary, State 

 Reform School, and State Normal School. There arc 

 also a high-school and several public and private 

 schools, a public library and other libraries, an opera- 

 and several halls. :i national banks, 2 State 



in treaties with the various powers to meet the con- 

 tingencies likely to occur in the course of such occupa- 

 tion abroad. 



From the first settlement of the American continent 

 the relations of the European settlers to the Indian 

 tribes occupying the country were adjusted by treaties, 

 and at the formation of the Constitution this inter- 

 course with the Indian tribes was committed to the 

 treaty-making power of the government. Since 1873 

 this method of dealing with the Indians has been dis- 

 continued, and acts of Congress have taken the place 

 of treaties as means of adjusting such relations. The 

 history of the exercise of the treaty-making pow_er in 

 its application to the Indian tribes does not exhibit the 

 same tendency to give expression to the higher princi- 

 ples that should actuate societies of men that appears 

 in the other branch relating to international inter- 

 course. As the least favorable aspect of the policy of 

 a country is that which concerns (lie means for enlarg- 

 ing its territories, the fact just stated may be accounted 

 for. By this important power a continent has been 

 purchased, and an annual disbursement to supply the 

 simple wants of a remnant of that people represents its 

 price. (See INDIANS.) (A. j. w.) 



TREITSCHKE, HEINRICH GOTTHARD VON, Ger- 

 man historian, was born at Dresden, Sept. 15, ]834. 

 He studied at the Universities of Dresden and Lt.'ipsic. 

 and at the School of Agriculture at Lutzschena. In 

 1863 he was made professor in the University of Frei- 

 burg, but on the outbreak of the war between Prussia 

 and Austria in 1866 removed to Berlin, where he was 

 made editor of the government annuals, in which he 

 hud assisted since 1858. He was soon afterwards called 

 t" Heidelberg University, and thence to Berlin in ls"4. 

 lie had been already elected to the German Parlia- 

 ment, in which he Dekofed to the National Liberal 

 party. Both in speeches and in writing he gave effec- 

 tive aid to Bismarck's movements for German unity 

 and a centralized government. In early years he pub- 

 lished two volumes of 1'iitrl'itic. I'oemx (1856), but he 



Four daily and 6 weekly newspapers are published 

 here. Trenton is largely engaged in manufactures, 

 and its potteries have a deservedly high reputation. 

 There are also extensive rolling-mills, zinc- and iron- 

 works, and works producing saws, tools, chains, India- 

 rubber goods, Ire-bricks, and terra-cotta. The water- 

 power of the Delaware is largely utilized for manu- 

 facturing purposes. The city has a good fire depart- 

 ment, ample supply of water, and has gas- and electric- 

 Its population in 1880 was 29,910. 

 TRENTON, BATTLE OF. When Gen. Washington, 

 in the autumn of 1770, was compelled to retreat from 

 the vicinity of New York city, the affairs of the Amer- 

 ican patriots had sunk to a low ebb. He sought refuge 

 in Pennsylvania, guarded by the Delaware River. The 

 British troops, which had been slow in pursuing him, 

 were expecting soon to cross that river and capture 

 Philadelphia. The term of most of the American 

 soldiers was to expire with the year. Under these 

 circumstances Washington decided to strike a counter- 

 blow at the British in their winter quarters in New 

 .Jersey. His full plan included a crossing of the Dela- 

 ware above and below Trenton, at Bristol, and at 

 Philadelphia. The time selected was the night after 

 Christmas, when the enemy would probably be de- 

 moralized. The only effective crosshig was made at 

 McCopkey'l Ferry, 9 miles above Irenton, where 

 Washington commanded the left wing in person. The 

 fierce north-east snow-storm hindered even his move- 

 ments and prevented the others. After he had 

 i. his men, numbering 2400 all told, were 

 divided into two divisions, Sullivan taking the river 

 road, while Washington, with Greene, reached Tren- 

 ton by the Pennington road. At Trenton Hessian 

 mercenaries, numbering about 1550 men, under Col. 

 Rahl, occupied barracks. The two American divisions 

 came upon them about 8 A. M., and placed artillery in 

 position to command the streets and roads, and detach- 

 ments sent out to cnt, ofF the retreat to Princeton nnd 



to Bordcntown. Tlio Hessians' guns were quickly 



afterwards confined his literary lulxir to historical nnd j captured, and. though Col. Rahl exerted himself to, 

 political affairs. In his Ui'xtoritclie mul fkKtildie form his troops i:i position, they were unable to do go, 

 Av/salze (3 vols.), he discusses historically federal gov- He was killed while urging an assault, and his followers 

 eminent, royalty, liberty, and kindred subjects. In surrendered. Their losa was 40 killed and 



