702 



TROWBKII><;r. TIMST COMPANir.S. 



waters. It average* about 15 Ibs. weight. The Rio I 

 Grande trout, .S 1 . niiliirin, inhabits (lie head-waters of 

 the Rio (iraiulo. Rio Colorado, and their tributaries. 

 It :s the finest food fish of Nrw Mexico and Western 

 Colorado, and probably inhabits all streams of thai re- 

 gion to the Sierra Nevada. It is larger dun die rain- 

 bow trout 



Much has been done towards the artificial propaga- 

 tion of the more important aperies of trout during re- 

 cent years, eggs having been taken in considerable 

 numbers from the brook, the lake, the rainltow, and 

 other species and the fry distributed in various stream.'.. 

 A large station was recently formed at Ncosho. .Mis- 

 souri, for the propagation of trout and other fishes 

 indigenous to that region, and several other stations 

 are devoted to trout propagation. What the result 

 will be is yet to be determined. (c. u.) 



TROWBRIDUE, JOIIN, physicist, was born in Bos- 

 ton in 1843. He graduated at Lawrence Scicntilic 

 School in 1866, and remained there two years as 

 teacher. In isfis he was appointed unatan( pro&Mor 

 of physics in Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 

 In 1S70 he aocepte<l die same position at Harvard Col- 

 iv here he received in 1873 the decree of Doctor 

 of Science, and in 1879 he accepted the chair of ex- 

 perimental physics. At Harvard College he MUb 

 lished the largest laboratory of its kind in America, 

 Having observed that the time signals of the college 

 observatory were transmitted through the earth over a 

 great extent of territory, he suggested to Mr. Preece, 

 of London, the possibility of telegraphing signals 

 across large bodies of water without a wire. Mr. 

 Preece established the fact by transmitting telegraphic 

 signals from Southampton to the Isle of Wight. Prof. 

 Trowbridge is associate editor of The journal of 

 Sci'rncr, and his various scientific papers arc to be found 

 therein, and in the tf>pidar Scirnce MoiMy aud the 

 Atlantic Monthly. He invented the COSMIC galvanouic- 

 ter, and is member of a number of scientific associa- 

 tions. 



TROWBRIDGE. Jons TOWNSF.ND. novelist, was 

 born atOgden. N. Y.,Sept 18, 18:>7. He was brought 

 up on a farm, but early displayed literary pmoliviues. 

 At the aee of 19 he was a journalist in New York city 

 and at 20 he went to Huston, where he wrote popular 

 tales under the name of " Paul Creyton." and edited 

 a weekly newspaper. His Futhrr llr!<jlithoj>r (IS.v;) 

 ne first of a long series of stories, specially 

 :, i ii.ted to boys' readmit pure, bright, and stimulat- 

 i i .' to exertion. Neifjlilmr Jiii-kit-orx! ( 1 Sf>5) and Tlir 

 n',1 lt<iiile (imiind (1869) are excellent exnmples. 

 Ciiilji* (.itrr (I8f>3) and The Drummer lion nrc talcs 

 f .an led on inciilcnts of the civil war. The tf.-mih 

 i was a record of the author's obMrnrtkm in his 



- after the war. Trowbridge had in the mean 

 time, olit lined a higher fame by his vivid and pathetic 

 poem, " The Vagabonds.' first pnlilislied in the At- 



Mmitlilii'm ISi'i.'J. and though he has written other 



- he has never excelled this sketch. Alter )><- 

 1111: for some vears a regular contributor to the .l.'Am- 

 tir Munthlit he became in 1870 the editor of Our 



Y-iiiiiff nttf. a highly successful juvenile magazine, 

 which was afterwards merged in St. \ii-hnlut. Of 

 bis later novels may be mentioned ('nujnin JionJs, Mar- 

 tin M-'i-rinile, and Neighbor* Wloe*. 



TROY, a city of New York, county-neat of Rensse- 

 laer co.. is on the east bank of the Hudson River, at 

 the head of steamboat navigation. miles above Al- 

 bany. It is in N. lat. 4U 41' and W. long. 7:i 3s'. 

 It is on the New York Central, the Delaware ami Hud 

 on, and the Pitchburg Railroads Street -railroads 

 run to Lansinghurg and die suburb callc>d Albia. 

 During the summer there is daily Hleamboal commit 

 nication with New York. The eitv is chiefly on an 

 alluvial plain, 3 miles long and over half a mile wide, 

 but extend* also over the hills to the cast. Mount 

 Ida on the south affords an extensive view of the sur- 

 rounding country. River street follows the curve of 



the Hudson, but other streets brandling from hs north- 

 em part run directly south. The court-house U an 

 imposing mailile edifice in the Doric style, and the 

 Troy Savinits Bank has a eostly structure with a fine 

 marble hall. There are >.i hotels, <J national banks, 48 

 churches some of which have fine edifices two 

 hospitals, orphan asylums, a high-school, 15 public- 

 schools, and several academies. The Itcnssclacr Poly- 

 technic Institute has a national reputation. There are 

 J daily and 4 weekly newspapers published here. The 

 iip lust rial works of Troy include cotton-, knitting-, and 

 paper-mills, stove- and car-whccl-faetories, iron- and 

 steel-works, and bell-foundries. An important manu- 

 facture is that of shirts and collars, about 8000 girls 

 being employed in this industry. Troy distributes its 

 manufactured products more widely than any other city 

 in the United States. The city has gas and electric 

 light and water-works, for which there is an indebted- 

 of $380,(HX), the rest of the city debt being over 

 $7ftO.(KtO. The yearly expenses exceed $550.(KK>. The 

 total valuation of property is $47.S47.L':!0. Troy was 

 settled by the Dutch in lii.V.i and incorporated in 181C. 

 Its population in ISSll was .">r>.717. 



TRUMBULL, HKSHY CI.AV. Sunday -school worker 

 and editor, was lorn at Stoniiijiton. Conn., June 8, 

 1830. He belongs to a family noted in the history ot 

 Connecticut, some of whose members are briefly 

 sketched in the KXCYCU>P/EI>IA BIUTANNICA. He was 

 educated at Williston .Seminary. Kast Hampton. Mas*., 

 and removed to Hartford. Conn., in 1851. Here ho 

 became State missionary for the American Sunday- 

 School Union, and in 1801 was ordained to the minis- 

 try, that he might become chaplain of the Tenth Con- 

 necticut Volunteers, lie was taken prisoner before 

 Fort Wagner, S. C., in 1803. On returning from army 

 service in 18G5 be was appointed S. S missionary sec- 

 retary for New England, and in 1871 was made normal 

 Mvtvtary. He removed to Philadelphia in 1875 to 

 take charge of the Sunday- ScJinol Tiniet, which he has 

 since edited with grcatskilland efficiency. In 1881 he 

 made a visit to Palestine, the chief result of which 

 was his successful determination of the previously dis- 

 puted locality of Kadesh-Barnea. Besides his intor- 

 estincr work KoUk-Batma (JSSl), he published Tlie 

 l!ln, l ,l-('' l ,rrnant(\^), applying to the interpretation 

 of S 'ripture the wide-spread usage of covenanting by 

 shed ling and mingling blood. Dr. Trumbull hns also 

 published many works on Sunday-schools, the chief 

 being Yale Jjectnres on the Staum-fAott (1888). 



His brother. JAMES HAMMOND TIIUMBULL. has be- 

 come noted for his acquaintance with native American 

 languages. He was born at Btoniogton, Dec. 20. ISill, 

 md studied at Yale College, but ill health prevented 

 his pursuing a professional career. He was corre- 

 spondiir-' secretary of the Connecticut Historical So- 

 ciety from 1849 to 1863, and in the meantime edited 

 ('i,iinr<-li<-iit. Ci'lntni Jb-nml* (3 vols., 185(V-5'.l). Ho 

 was afterwards president of this society. His study 

 of the American aboriginal languages commenced in 

 IS5S, ami he was active in lonning the American 

 Piiilo],! iaiioii in I8li9. He was appointeil 



Stale, librarian in lsj( j he was made assistant secre- 

 tary of stale in 1858; in ISl'.l he became .secretary of 

 state, and held that position until 1805. He has ed- 

 ited many documents of colonial limes and has pub- 

 lished Origin of McFingnl (180S); The True, lilne. 

 Isiim (Is7i'i), and has contributed to various pcriodi- 

 ti In<lian names and historical subjects. 



TlirST COMPANIKS. ( >f the various classes of 

 financial corporations connected with the monetary 

 system .if die country, none are of more importance 

 tli. in trust companies; which in a degree exercisi^the 

 functions of both banks and savings banks. The 

 charters of such corporations are obtained through die 

 BUM Legislature, and as a rule contain the broadest of 

 powers. In the State of New York, during the year 

 1887, provision was made for their organization under 

 a general law, which however is not applicable to com- 



