700 



TRrXTOX-TrCKER. 



TRT'XTOX, TnnMAs(l7. r >. r >-lS22), nnval officer, was i. 'jim?t frora bis admission to the bar. On 



born I'eli. 17. 17."i.">. at Jamaica. J/ong Island. At the the outbreak of the war of independence, he left the 



a.-e of 12 he went to sea and was impn-.-ed on board courts and took up arms fur his adopted country. His 



it Hritish war-ship. In I77i. he was lieutenant of the chief cxplo,- ret and s iccesi-ful expedition to 



privateer Congress, and licit year was commander Itermud.i, where he knew ihere was a 1-ne.f <|ii:inlilv 



of the Independence and, in company with two con- of military stores in a fortification .slenderly garrisoned. 



oils, succeeded in uiakinjr many prizes. On the con- These Mores eked out the slender Mipply of Wa.-h- 



clusion of the war of independence he enga-ied in iimton's army in the r-:< ;> of l!..stoti. 'fucker was 



mercantile pursuits, trading between Philadelphi.i with the army licforc Vorktown in the capacity 



and the West Indies. In i7'.'l he was promoted cap- of lieutenant colonel, and iverived a wound ill the 



tain of the West Indies s'piadruu und L'iven com- face from the explor-ion of a bomb. He was soon 



maul of the frigate Constellation, on Ixiard of which after appointed to a scat in the ( icncral Court, and, 

 he did efficient service during the trouble with France, 

 in Pres. Adams' administration. In especial, in Jaiiu- 



. 



ary, 1799, he captured, off St. Kilts, L'Insiirircnte. the 

 swift/rat craft in the French fleet, Cor which exploit he re- 

 ceived a uervice of plate from the merchants at. Lloyd's. 

 tfext year lie encountered (lie rYench frigate Ven- 



4ll^.liJ|'{"'llil*'l / it .-^..11 lit i n\ i\ll\lill\i-illl,(lll-l 1 



while a judge, wa* professor of law in William MM 



Mflqr CoUcje. In INI;: lie WM advanced to judge in 

 the Stale Court of Appeals, holdiui: (he office for 8 

 years; in ISlIi lie became judge of the I'. S. Court 

 for tlie e;u-t<>rn district of Virginia. He took part in 

 the laws of liis State, and was one of the 



jrcanfoofflfuadaloupeanddrovcit, in a hopelessly da:n- OODlBlilHOIwn of Virginia who met in Annapolis in 

 !i lition. into (.'ura.'MKi. l?nt. for the fall of liis ] I'M'' and raoomBended the convent ion that formed the 



foremast he would have enitnrcd her. I-'or his gal- present Federal Cunsiitiition. In 177S he married his 



lantry here Congress voted hiui a irold medal. In first wife. Mrs. Randolph, mother of John Kai.dolpli 



1801 he was promoted commander of the West Indies of Koaiiokc. I v whom he had BOBMKMB detoeodMtta, 



quadrun and tninsferred to the 1 'resident, hi IXirj not a few of wliom liavc risen to emiiieiux-. Ilia 



he was named to coniiiiand the expedition airainst .soeoiid wife left no children who survived him. Jndp" 



Tucker had a ready talent ibr v< rsilieation which ho 



Tripoli, but being denied a captain to his flagship he 

 declined to accept and Jefferson struck liis name off 

 the navy-list. He now retired to priva'e, life in Phila- 

 delphia, where he occupied the position of high sher- 

 iff from 1816 to 1819. He died May .">. l^u'l.'. He hri'piet <d' the " American I'lack.-tone." 

 was author of a work on Lntitmlf mid Longitude the author of .1 Dissertation on 

 (1794), and compiler of a volume of extracts on ,\K- 

 val Tactic* (1906). 



TSCHUDI, JOHANV JAKOB VON, Swiss natural- 

 ist and traveller, was born July L'">. ISIS, at (llarus. 

 Switzerland, of a family distinguished for talent in 

 many directions. For its earlier member? id' note see 

 the FjNCYCLOP^.DrA RlUTANNICA. He studied at tin! 

 University of Zurich, and afterwards at th. 

 ]/-yden, Paris, and Herlin, devoting himself chiefly 

 to the natural sciences and philology. In l>.;s he set 

 out on a French ship with the view of making a jour- 

 ney round the world, but the captain having sold the 

 vessel at Callao, be was compelled to iv.stri.-t himself 

 to an investigation of the natural history and etlui"^- 



exeivised through iile. being particularly successful in 

 ten (/> MCHnt To his annotated edition of Itlnck- 

 ('iniiiH-iittirit'x (ISO.".) is probably due his so- 



Uc was also 



. ... irirl, <i f'rn- 



/'/; t/x (Iriit1>i<il Aliiititimi in I iryfuia. lie died 



m Nelson county. Va., in IS^7. 



His son. HKNRV ST. QBOROB TcrCKB (1781-1848), 

 was lioru in Virginia. Jan. />, 1781, studied law under 

 his father :>nd became lii.e him eminent in his pro- 

 fession. He was professor of law in the rnivcrsity 

 of Virginia, and chancellor of the fourth judicial di.s- 

 trii-t and president of (he Stale Court of Appeals. 

 From ISM to ISi'.t he was a member of ('ongroft. 

 :ks include Jsrfnn* nn Cniis/i/ii/i'mi'il 1,-iu ; 

 i.:i th>' I.<int<if 1'ii-t/iiii>i ('2 veils. , Win- 



chester. |S:;r.) ; and Arr/iu-cs on \nliii-iil Jstir <ntd 

 (Richmonil. ISi.'i). lie di<'<l at Winches- 

 Aug. L'S, is is. 



ter, Va. 



raphy of Peru, which he pursued for five years. (In Anotherson, NAT;IAMKI. BK.VKIU v:v TrfKKU (^Si- 

 return to his property at Jstkobshof in Lower 1851), was liorn at Matoax. Aim-lia 00., \'a . Sept. '., 

 tri.i. he devoted some years to the arrangement of 17St. Graduating at William nnd Mary College, la; 



Austria, 



his materials to supply the leading museums of 



studied law. and commenced practice in IMC.) in I'har- 



Kurope. In 1857 he undertook a Meond journey to 1 ..... W., l>ut removed in ISM to Mi.-fiouii wherein; 

 Itrazil. the Argentine States. Chili, 1'olivia. and Peru, l-ecame a jnd^e. retahung office till IX.'K). In is;; I he 



returning in IS.VJ, when he wasalmost immedia: 



l>ack liy the Swi-s government as its minister cxiraor- 



dinary to Hrazil. During the (wo years he ;. 



was called to the chair of law in William and Marv 

 College, and held this position till liis death, whic-li 

 occurred at Winehester. Aus;. -f>, IS. r )|. In l.-.'id he 



this capacity he directed liis attention particularly to had attended the Southern convention at Nashville, 

 the capabilities of the country as a field for iminigra- and in discussing (he alji-.'ed WHIIILM of the Smith de- 

 tion. In 1808 he waa appointed plenipotentiary to livered an elahorite invective which recalicd the 



Vienna and remained there till 1883, when he re,- ; spi-eehes of his half-1'rother, John Randolph ol Ito- 

 . his works on natiinil anoke. His friend, W. Oilniore SimpM, has well de- 



history arc _nia S;t*lrm <lt Hntrrirlifrr (Neuehatel, n'-ri!ted him as "a h.-ave ol 1 Virginian gentleman, 



turned to his propcrtj'. Among 

 ry arc hia S;i*trm <lf. /.'" 



1838). and L r irtrr*uc!iiii>yr.n ii!,rr Jir Fami'i I'-ninintx stern States Riglsts doctrinaire, intense of feeling, 



(St, Gall, 1844-47). liis philological works comprise jealous of ri<;ht, nnd with an e;u i wrong ami 



!>! Kcrhnn SjirnrJtf (Vienna. l.'-.V.) ; Olltmt'i, an old injury." ,Iud:rf. Tucker's liL-al v.i.rks include a I , . M - 



I'cnivian drama tran'-lated out of the (Juechua ton'.""- t:-c i-u Pleading and : < '<>iist!lti<Ml Lmr, 



and annotated (Vienna, lS7.'i). nnd his clabora !1 of value as thing clearly :;nd forcibly 



gtliiinmii* ilrr Etdmoijmeke (l/eip7.ig, 1SS1). II'- the Si is view. 1'esides these be was the 



works of travel, embodying his observations hi I'ra/il, author of three novel.*, Cicr<if H'l'i-miilir, drrtrmlr, 



the Argentine Republic, Chili, Uolivia, and Peru, nre and Tic l'i '< :: 'i'he last, secretly printed 



of great value, nnd have been translated into English, in ls;;r>, but purport-n-: to l:::-.e b.vn written in 1850, 



He lias also published a number of papers on natural has a special intc ; ' .elnw- 



history, medical, geographical, nnd ethnographical ing the secession movement. It rep. :ii l?u- 



ml/. . -t :;s in Isp.i holding a third presidential term, at the 



TUCKER, St. CiEonOE (17"iC-lS27), jurist nnd head of a :-trongly ecntralized goveniinent. The 



founder of an influential Virginian family, was l>oni iu Southern States, however, except Virginia. b:,ve M>- 



Bennuda. July '.i. 17."J His father camo to Virgini ; the Coostitation having 1 : i.the 



