712 



TYPOGRAPHY. 



1827 the Enplish Grin of Cowper i Applepartli made 

 important iw provMMento on toe okJ Kueui 



built fur tin 1 Guidon VV/m-sa tour-cylinder press whirli 

 turned off 4UUU or friim single impressions an hour. 

 But wlii'ii. a low years later, the American inventor. 

 Kit-hard Hoe, _ of New York, developed I 

 called "lightning press," capable of priming ^II.IKMI 

 impressions an hour, tlic 1/mdon '/'/,.<> wa> amon:: 

 the first to tear out its Applegmrtli 1 pur- 



chase the Hoe machines. Wonderiii.!.' crowds pazed at 

 the first of the iii-w lloe machines wute It was set up 

 in the press-room of the Philadelphia 1'Mir l.t</<-r. 

 A few years later similar machines were in daily use 

 by the New York Tribtinr. London 'I'tum. an ! Paris 

 La Pat rie. The eipht- and (en cylinder press certainly 

 looked like a linality, but was soon tupereeded hy the 

 web perfeclin;.' press, which prints both sides at 

 OIK from stereotype plates that ran be duplicated to 

 any extent desired, thus making it possible to have 



pradually. Its evolution has been well described in 

 Tin- toper Jl. </./. 

 "The use of the continuous web of paper was sug- 



pested l>y Sir Kowland Hill as Imii; :i ; and 



in 1.- . I'.i Jaeoli \Vorms, nl Paris, liii upon the idea of 

 i-iii veil stereotype plato s. run d to a rotatinp cylinder. 

 \\Hrnis i veil built a pies< in which the printed sheets 



parated from the web by a serrated blade and 

 ti iision rollers, as in sonie pi rl'eetinir plx sses now used, 

 and made stei-eotype pl.ite.-. IVoni a papier maclic' mat- 

 rix, the material still coiisidcreil the best. The press 

 was patented in Mn^lantl in 1S.MI. but met will! no 



. partly because it failed to deliver the sheds 

 as hiM as printed, and partly because the pro' 

 stereotyping, as then understood, involved too much 

 delay. 1: was not until lM',1 that the latter difficulty 

 was overcome by (.'haile- Crask. a New York enpravt-r, 

 whose improved stercotrping jii-oc' once 



adopted by the New York Tribune. This made the 



OI<1 Style Tcn-CjiiiiUcr Hoc Alatliim-. 



ny number of presws at work siinultannously upon 

 the name edition and on a continuous roll or web of 

 paper. A plance at the aeeompanyini; cut. illustrat- 

 ing the old eylinder press nt work, and a comparison 

 with tlto illustration of the modern perfecting press. 

 will (rive a fair idea of the vast improvement over tho 

 old form. The new invention practically quadrupled 

 the productive capacity, while- it required less than 

 half the lalnir for running the machine. It naturally 

 became the ideal pn~s wherever prent 8peed was 

 necessary. The old eylinder presses are still found in 

 many newspaper offices, nnd they pivc rood results in 

 the publication of weeklies or even dailies of com- 

 paratively small circulation ; but wherever time is 

 reckoned by seconds in-lead of by hours, there the 

 rot.iry pertii-tinir pres* is found, reeling out its perfeet 

 eipht-pape pajiers at thi^ rail of TitO or more every 

 minute. 

 The making of this marvellous machine came about 



nse of duplicate forms possible. The first web per- 

 fecting press capable of doinp the' work of a larpo 

 niorniiiL' newspaper was built by William Hiilloek, of 

 Pittsburc, for the Cincinnati TIwi-x in l v ('.l. and soon 

 aft era similar pros \\astried by the New Yolk Ti 

 Neither of these. Imwi-ver, accomplished all that was 

 -1 of it. and Mr. Hnllock worked at bis ii ven- 

 lion several years longer before he finally surmounted 

 all nb-!:ie|es aii'l pHKlured the improved press capnWe 

 of printinc lO.IKXi perfect newspapers per hour. The 

 Walter press, which prints the New ^ ork Tinirs and 

 the London Tiitu-*. is similar to Mullock's, with the 

 addition of several improvement-, in matters of detail, 

 which give it preater speed. (For illustration s. 

 It in article TYPOGRAPHY i'l the ENCYCUH- l.l'i \ 



BRITANMIOA.) 



"Wi perfectincr prrs=e= bopan to attain a 



: MXKI to 10,000 papers an hour, an une\ i 

 limit was found in the impussibility of delivering be- 



