TYPOGRAPHY. 



713 



yond a certain rate from the fly. Richard Hoe and 

 Stephen D. Tucker invented the contrivance that first 

 obviated that difficulty in 1877 an accumulating cyl- 

 inder on which six or eight sheets were laid one above 

 another, and then delivered from the fly at one motion. 

 This inareased the practical working speed of the 

 perfecting press to IS, 000 per hour. Previous to that 

 these gentlemen had designed a web perfecting press 

 embocfyiiiar all the improvements of Bullock, Walter, 

 and other inventors, with many of their own. It was 

 a lighter, more compact, and stronger machine, and 

 rapidly superseded all others in the press-rooms of the 

 great dailies. A folding attachment was then added, 

 next a pasting and cutting attachment, and finally, in 

 ]879, the most perfect printing machine up to that 

 time made was first put into the press-room of the 

 St. Louis Ji/-pitl>/ii-nn. Its production was 30,000 

 perfect eight-page papers per hour, printed, cut, 

 pasted, and folded. That, like the ten-cylindrr ma- 

 chine, seemed to be the end of printing press improve- 

 ment ; but the improvement has since continued. 



The immense circulation attained in recent years by 

 the great English and American dailies, together with 

 the ever-present necessity of holding open their pages 

 for "the latest t.,-ws," has presented to the prcss- 

 Luilder an intricate problem. The modern practice 

 of expanding the fou--page paper into the six- or eight- 

 page sheet and t.ie eight-page journal into one of ten 

 or twelve pages on days when the pressure of the 

 news or the demands of the advertiser warrant it has 

 complicated that problem still further. The problem 

 has been solved, however, by the invention of that 

 marvel of mechanical ingenuity, the double supple- 

 ment insetting press, by means of which a single or a 

 double sheet supplement is readily turned out, cut, 

 pasted, and folded into the body of the paper and that, 

 too, at a rate of speed which permits the holding open 

 of the news pages until the latest possible moment. 



The development of journalistic enterprise has made 

 ever-increasing demands upon the resources of me- 

 chanical ingenuity. T lie most rapid and the most re- 

 liable of the machines which have enabled it to do so 

 arc those of American make. They are found to-day 

 in the press-rooms of the leading newspapers of Kng- 

 land, Ireland, Scotland, and even in Now Zealand anil 

 Australia, as well as in those of the greatest American 

 dailies. 



Probably the most productive printing-press ever 

 built for making f nir- and six-page papers is thatcon- 

 titructed in 188.S by Richard Hoe<t Co., of New York 

 and London, for a Philadelphia afternoon newspaper. 

 It is claimed for this remarkable machine that it is 

 capable of printing, putlog, counting, and folding 

 ready for the carrier 96,000 four-page papers per hour, 

 48,000 six- or eight-page papers, or 24,000 ten-, 

 twelve-, or sixteen-page papers, the four-, six-, and 

 eight-page papers counted in lots of either 50 or 100, 

 and the twelve- and sixteen-page papers in lots of 50. 

 the papers _beingcut at the head, pasted, and folded 

 half-page size. The ability to make the "inset" of 

 an extra sheet, thereby making a six-page paper in- 

 stead of one of four pages, whenever it seems desira- 

 ble, is an advantage which every newspaper publisher 

 appreciates. Aside from the loss of time involved in 

 the process, the simple folding in of a single supple- 

 ment sheet by hand, without pasting it, is often objec- 

 tionable alike to the reader, the newsdealer, and the 

 advertiser, and the extra sheet, if loose, is likely to be 

 lost or discarded. It is such considerations as these, 

 together with the considerable economy both of time 

 and labor, that have placed the so-called perfecting, 

 insetting, or double supplement machines far in ad- 

 vance of their foreign competitors in the race for 

 speed and popular favor. 



One of the best illustrations of the highest attain- 

 ment in the art of press-building, up to the present 

 time, is the Hoe quadruple web perfecting press which 

 is now in daily use by the New York \\'<>rlil and some 

 VOL. IV. 2 u 



other metropolitan dailies. It prints four-page papers 

 at a running speed of 90,000 per hour, folded carrier 

 size ; six- and eight-page papers at a speed of 45,000 ; 

 and ten- and twelve-page papers at a speed of 24,000 

 per hour. As this machine is an excellent type of its- 

 class a somewhat detailed description of its mechanism 

 is given. 



A year was required for the building of this ma- 

 chine. It 'is composed of about 6500 parts and 

 weighs about 53 tons. In each revolution of the plate 

 cylinder it prints either four complete eight-page 

 papers, or two complete sixteen-page papers with one 

 eight-page sheet inserted in the other. In case of 

 accident, either the main press or the supplement 

 press can be run independently of the part which is 

 crippled. 



in the cut of the quadruple press the end of the 

 press at the right is the supplement end, and the long 

 cylinder near the top contains eight plates. The great 

 roll of paper is near the floor to give steadiness to the 

 machine and facility for handling. The paper roll of 

 the main press, which prints the main sheet of the 

 paper, is at the extreme left near the floor. The two 

 presses are at right angles to each other, but are 

 operated by the same power, and together, as in the 

 case of the double presses, which are similarly ar- 

 ranged, but on a smaller scale. There is a passage- 

 way between the main and supplement presses, and 

 the main shaft for the supplement press is shown 

 crossing the aisle near the floor. About two-thirds 

 of that part of the machine to the right of this aisle 

 is taken up by the supplement press, the remaining 

 third being the apparatus for folding all the sheets 

 which both presses can deliver. 



The great roll of paper for the main press is about 

 6 ft. wide, weighs 1700 pounds, and requires two 

 men, with block and tackle, to handle. The width of 

 the margin of the printed page is regulated by a screw 

 controlled by a hand wheel, shown at the head of the 

 paper-roll spindle. This head is also equipped with a 

 safety-brake, governed in a second by the smaller lever 

 of the two inclined to the right. This safety-brake is 

 vised only in case of emergency ; as, by means of an 

 automatic paper-feed and paper-brake combined, the 

 press is supplied with paper at the exact speed and 

 tension required. This is done by an endless rubber 

 belt, the outer end of which rests upon the top of the 

 paper roll. The large main lever has a quadrant and 

 latch like the reverse lever of a locomotive. This 

 starts or stops the press by shifting the main driving 

 belt, being assisted in stopping by a powerful friction- 

 brake pressing upon the driving pulley on the main 

 shaft. 



To the left of this starting-lever are seen the ends 

 of two cylinder shafts. The upper cylinder carries 

 eight stereotype pages, which are supplied with ink 

 from an ink fountain at the highest point of the left- 

 hand end of the machine, as it appears in the cut. 

 The ink is distributed by composition rollers having 

 both a revolving and shifting motion so as to distribute 

 the ink that is fed to the distributing rollers by the 

 adjustable fountain. By thumb screws placed closely 

 together along the entire length of the ink fountain, 

 the flow of ink to any portion of the rollers can be 

 regulated to a nicety, thus enabling the pressman to 

 put more or less "color" upon any column in the 

 paper. The lower cylinder is the impression cylinder, 

 carefully jacketed and so adjusted in position as to 

 bring the piiper, which travels between it and the 

 inked plate cylinder, up against the latter, giving it a 

 full and perfect impression. 



The endless web is thus printed upon one side, and 

 it then passes between the large second-impression 

 cylinder (shown at the right of the starting-lever) and 

 the second plate cylinder (shown in line with the first). 

 This gives upon the other side of the web the impres- 

 sion of the opposite pages. The paper web runs along 

 the line of the top of the frame and over the aisle and 



