TYPOGRAPHY. 



715 



turning-bar placed diagonally across the frame, from 

 which it pusses down into the supplement press at 

 right angles to its former course. The operation of the 

 supplement press (on the right in the engraving) is 

 practically the same as that of the main press. In 

 case of the quadruple press each division of the ma- 

 chine has the same producing power as regards size 

 and number of sheets. 



After the web from the main press is carried over 

 the angle-bar, which changes its direction to one at 

 right angles to its previous course, it passes around a 

 roller, which returns it upon its course in the direct 

 path with the sheet coming from the rappleujeni 

 press. Thereafter the double web passes to the head 

 of the "formers." where a rotary knife separates the 

 two sheets lengthwise of the web. Each part passes 

 down over the "former," which is an inclined tri- 

 angular form, placed point downward* between two 

 rollers, which completes the operation of making a cen- 

 tral lengthwise fold in the double halt-web. 



The folding triangle is inclined about 50 to the 

 horizontal, and its shape is such that as the sheets 

 glide smoothly but rapidly down its outer surface the 

 outer edges of the web are curved down and inward 

 until upon leaving the triangle they gradually meet 

 between a pair of horizontal rollers. The width of the 

 combined web is now only that of a single page, but it 

 still continues a continuous web. A pair of folding- 

 ami cutting-cylinders carries a double set of knives, 

 which separate each eight-page or ten-page sheet, as 

 the case may be, from the moving web, while folding- 

 blades on the opposite cylinders crease the paper 

 across the middle of the page and thrust it between the 

 email rolls, which give it the final fold and hurry it to 

 the delivery. 



Before a paper is completely separated from the 

 web small pins dart out iroui the folding-cylinder close 

 to the blade and catch the web, so as to hold it until 

 after the length of a page has been completely severed. 

 This is accomplished by the paper being grasped by 

 a series of tapes running faster than its previous speed, 

 which, breaking the points of attachment which were 

 jeft by the cutting-blades, rush the papers to a collect- 

 ing-cylinder. The pasting is done by the web running 

 over the edge of a pasting-wheel, which revolves in a 

 trough of paste, and leaves a track of paste down the 

 centre of OIK? ol'the wi !>-. 



The papers are dropped, folded half-page size, upon 

 a set of leather belts, which carry them out from the 

 folding-machine, and automatically count them in piles 

 of 50 as they go. The folder can lie run in connection 

 with either one of the printing-machines or with both. 

 This machine occupies but little space and requires 

 only three men and two boys to operate it. The 

 various supplement presses work almost exactly as the 

 quadruple press dues, only the size of the supplement 

 sheet is smaller. The quadruple press might be called 

 a double double-perfect ing press. The other supple- 

 ment presses from which the quadruple has developed 

 are really triple presses. 



By means of these compound presses, capable of 

 running two webs of paper through them, it, is possible, 

 by varying the cutting up of the webs, and by using 

 one-half of the press or both, to make two-, four-, six-, 

 eight-, ten-, twelve-, or sixteen-page papers. These 

 presses accomplish their work with much less liability 

 to stoppage from choking or clogging of the printed 

 sheets while passing through the folder than their 

 predecessors did. The great power and production of 

 these presses are due to their simplicity of construction. 

 While a single machine accomplishes its work with a 

 considerable detail of complicated mechanism, such as 

 the switch, the collecting-cylinder, a perfect network 

 of tapes, etc., the new double stereotype insetting ma- 

 chines dispense with nearly all these, except the tapes, 

 which are reduced in number and extent. 



As often as some new invention or some new appli- 

 cation of an old one has eclipsed all former achieve- 



ments, so often has an applauding public believed that 

 the acme of perfection in the building of speedy presses 

 has been reached ; yet the ideal is still before us. It 

 may well be that the machine just described will in 

 time share the fate of its predecessors and give place 

 to a greater one, but up to the present time it may be 

 said to mark the highest attainment of the art. 



COLOR-PRINTING. 



Progress in the art of color-printing, though less 

 remarkable than that in the manufacture of news- 

 paper-presses, deserves mention. Probably the 

 greatest recent advance in this branch of the art is 

 that marked by a machine only lately introduced, 

 the inventor and patentee of which is a Philadelphian. 

 Though this new color-press has not yet come into 

 general use. there can be little doubt that it has proved 

 the possibility of printing by means of a perfecting- 

 press one sheet of paper on both sides and in several 

 colors simultaneously, thus enabling the printer to pro- 

 duce an illustrated paper, book, or pamphlet in illu- 

 minated colors. Incredible as this may seem, it is 

 claimed that the complete set-off system contrived in 

 this machine will enable a skilled printer to accomplish 

 this result. A recent issue of luper and Press con- 

 tains the following description of this interesting and 

 important invention : 



"Colors are now known to some ink-manufacturers 

 that will work on each other while wet and give good 

 results. This has been a constant study of the inventor 

 for over seventeen years, and he is said to have proved 

 that many designs may be effectively printed at one 

 operation or passage of a sheet through a machine, 

 thus expediting work, and often with greater advan- 

 tages than handling the sheet each time separately for 



each color. 



"Another form of this machine will enable one to 

 print cartoons or pictures from zincographic surfaces in 

 outline, and then fill in the picture with rich, trans- 

 parent colors from relief-plates, thereby dispensing 

 largely with very troublesome wetting of the color 

 parts of the picture. Thus it may be converted into a 

 semi-lithographic machine, and produce chromo-zinco- 

 types. (or illustrations suitable for a children's pictorial 

 or serial. The style may be also adapted to print both 

 sides at one time, where a large edition would de- 

 mand it. 



"The machines can be constructed to do a great 

 range of work from printing a series of labels in colors 

 to printing a plain surface on one side; or the same 

 press can be used to print a book with great rapidity 

 on both sides at once. 



"This system is based on the principle of two cylin- 

 ders of unyielding construction running in harmony 

 with each other. The plate-cylinder is twice the 

 diameter of the impression-cylinder, and thus three 

 points are gained : the smallest possible line of contact 

 in impression, giving strength and speed ; the largest 

 diameter, so that the plates will not need much 

 curvature ; and a portion of the plate-cylinder to act aa 

 a table or distribution-surface for the ink. Each color 

 or side is isolated from the other, thereby preventing a 

 discoloration by the ink flying while in rapid distribu- 

 tion. 



"Every color has a separate pair of cylinders. The 

 sheet is carried rapidly between each pair of cylinders 

 by an elastic gear-wheel, or positive-motion metallic, 

 band, to which is attached a series of grippers, and is 

 held fast in proper position until it has received any 

 number of impressions on one or both sides. When 

 the sheet is perfected it is then carried by the same 

 grippers to a point of delivery, and may be delivered 

 on a table or passed through any ordinary folding- 

 machine. Thus, it would be printed, if necessary, on 

 both sides in colors, and folded ready for delivery. 

 The speed of a machine may be made to suit any 

 special want, because there are no reciprocating- or 

 eccentric-motions to give impressions. Ail the parts 



