740 



VINCI-NT-VIOLET. 



tastes and culture, most to resemble Ws fath 

 DecemU'r ill' this vi-jir Parliament passed an art by 

 which practically tile whole adult male |>o]iulatiiiii of 

 Britain is enfranchised. Since thru Parliament has 

 been mainly occupied with Irish i|iie..-!ioiis, the central 

 one being that of Home-Bole. 



In the spring of isss Queen Victoria vi>ited Italy 

 fur the sal.i 1 of her health and on her return journey 

 Hunt tliree days in the month of April at the Sehloss 

 Cliarlottcnburg, near Berlin, where her .-on in-law, the 

 Emi>eror Frederick, was to die on June 15. lu the 

 fall the Dowager-Empress came to her mother at 

 AYind.-or. 



A. marked peculiarity of Queen Victoria has been her 

 predilection lor Scotland and its people, her favorite 

 personal attendants, notably John Brown, being mainly 

 of this nation. In KS47 she took up her first iv.-idencc 

 in the Highlands at the old castle of Ardvenkie. In 

 \crmsshire, and since then her visits here have been, 

 at least, annually. In 1S.VJ Prince Albert acquired 

 the fee-simple of the cu.-tle of Balmoral on the Dec, 

 Abcrdccn.-hiie. with a property of 40,00(1 acres, largely 

 deer-forest, and built a new castle on the MIC of the 

 old one. Here, more than elsewhere, the Queen lias 

 ever since made ber bo&tt proper, spending generally 

 two months in autumn. In it.s neighborhood some 

 private family monuments have Lien ended, and her 

 dearest associations seem to cluster. Her majesty's 

 literary prod net ions are :.ll associated with her High- 

 land life, and tell of excursions amid the mountains 

 and gl "is, of Highland sports, of her own borne life, 

 and of Highland life and usages. 



Finally, her reign lias been one of great activity, 

 scientific, literary, and artistic, and boon have multi- 

 plied in an unprecedented degree. The great names in 

 these 'departments will be tumid under their separate 

 entriea Victoria's name, like those of her predecessors. 

 Elizabeth and Anne, marks an illustrious em in liter- 

 ature, (j. ii. ) 



VINCENT, JOHN HKYL, bishop in the Methodist 

 Episcopal Church, was bom at Tuwr.il. KISJI. Ala., Feb. 

 23, ISoli. lie received an academical training, and 

 entered the Methodist ministry. He lias bad charge of 

 churches in New Jersey, at Newark. Franklin, and 

 ImDgtOD, 1S.VJ to 1856; in Illinois, at Joliei. Mt. 

 Morris, <!alena. Rockford, and Chiciigo, from 18.V7 to 

 1SG5. He was made Sunday school agent w ]^ 



'Minding Kecretary of the Methodist Sunday- 

 School I'nion in ISi'K. While engaged in active pro 

 motion of theewmof Bnnday-wnooli bebeoanteoon 

 vincedof the tie' lot 'popularizing higher instruction in 

 tlii^ country. Young men and women eager to IK- taught 

 lacked opportunities to procure the training to which 

 they aspired. The problem then was to diffuse lilx-ral 

 eulturc aljove the range ol the common schools. By the 

 generous aid of Mr. Lewis Miller Dr. Vincent was en- 

 abled in 1X74 to nut in practice :it <'liaiitani|na certain 

 ideas which had ben developed in his mind. Tlie re 

 suit has been paitly descrilx-d under ClIAI.'T A 

 but the work has advanced to greater perfection since 

 that article wan published. Dr. Vincent was the super- 

 intendent of instruction there until ISSI, and h.is 

 HIICC licen chancellor of Chaiitaii'|iia I'niversily. In 

 bfl was chosen bishop by the (icneral Conteretice. 

 He has published T/ii' ('/iiiiiliii,(/tiil Mnrrnifiil (l*< s d), 

 Tlic llitmf. Book (liSSfi), and manuals relating to Sun- 

 dnv 



VINTON, AT.EXANDKR HAMILTON (1P07-18S1), 

 clergyman, was liorn at I'rovidcnce, It. I , May '_'. 1SH7. 

 Ih- lather. Ihivid Vinlon (1774-1830), WM a prom- 

 inent merchant. Alexander, nftcr sjvcndiriL' three 

 years at Brown I'niver.-ity, studied medieinr. and prno- 

 lii-ed at Pom fret. Conn., but in is:::! abandoned med- 

 icine for theology. After studying at the Episcopal 

 nil Seminary in New Yolk, lie was ordained dea- 

 con in IS:;.', and priest in IS.'id. He was successively 

 rector of Grace Church, Providence, 1836-42. St. 

 Paul's, Boston, 1842-58, Holy Trinity, Philadelphia, 



" rkY NYw York. Ifi1-70. Emmanuel. 



i. lie thi-ti retired to Pointr. I. : 

 afterwards was proli -.-.-or of sy.-teumtic divinity in the 

 theological school at Canibri-i , II. .i. .-,ined the 

 bishopric of Texas in I v'>7. and was candidate in other 

 dioce.st s. but was not elected. \Vilh a IK. bit- Voice and 

 eM'iice.he w;i.~ iniprcivcalikcasprcacheraii(l |.:c-t.*r, 

 mid has U'en pronounced one ol the ^r< att -.-t me n of 

 the Episcopal Chiiivh. lie died at Pliiladi Iphia, 

 April Hi'i, l^sl. His only poblicatioiifl were Oermoiu 

 (1855). 



His brother. I'UAXCIS VlXTHS (ISHV-lSTl'i 



born A HIT. ii'.i. IMIM. gtadaatwl at \V. -i Point in 

 and published Arthur Ti-'innnn. nr Cmli-t Life (ISJJd). 

 ; ved on topographical and engineer duly till 

 ls:;r,. when he resigned, haxing managed to study law 

 at Harvard and be admitted to the bar at Portsmouth, 

 N. H. But like his brother lie turned to theology, en- 

 tered the same seminary, and was ordained deaci n in 

 ls:;s. and priest in ls:,i ( J. lie became rector ul St. 

 Stephen's, Providence; of Trinity, Newport, IS4(); 

 of Emmanuel, Brooklyn. 1S44: of (Iraec. lirooklyn, 

 KS47. He declined the lii.-hoprie of Indiana in IM'.i, 

 ami in Is.Vi U-eame an assistant minister ol' Trinity, 

 New York, with charge of St. Paul's. In !> 

 was made prot'cswir of ee<:lesiastie:il law and polity ill 



the General Seminary. !!< published l^rtni-txoii the 



ftriili-iirrx nf ('lu-istiiini'ty ( ISti'i). and ( '<im, in ntiii\u nil 



tin' ('intuit f.uirx (is7(i). Be was a leader of the High 



rhurch party, as his brother Alexander of the conser- 

 vative evangelicals. He died in Brooklvn, S< ' 

 187i 



VIOLET, the common name of the genus Vili, 

 the tviK! of the bolanital order Via- 

 STt t^SM faw-..Thc genus is a lai-L-c one, 

 \ni~ Kci> i comprising about 200 recorded spe- 



cies of hcrliaceons, perennial (rarely 

 annual) plants, the most of which are favorii 

 flower lovers. They possess short rhizomes or under- 

 ground stems, alternate leaves, anu solitary flowers, 

 nodding or declined. The flowers have nearly '|ual 

 sepals, produced at the base into a free appendage ; 

 ; ds are unequal, the lower one produced into a 

 sac or spur at the base. 



Of tho American species. ".' ci/ciillntn, the common 

 blue violet, is much the best known, and is found 

 throughout the .country. Other common speeies are 

 I", jnilniiitii. the hand-leaf violet; and 1". jwlaln, tho 

 birds-l<Kt violet, a species with large and handsome. 

 flowers of blue or purple color, the two upper petals 

 sometimes deep violet and velvety like the pansy. In 

 addition to the blue, there are several species of white 

 and yellow violets. Of the latter may be named 1' 

 ratiin<l!f<il!n and I' ptilicscrn*, the latter a fine, tall 

 species, with an aerial stem (1 to 1'J inches h'gh. It 

 I n-ars yellow flowers, wuh striated petals, ami thrives 

 well under culture. Of the white species may be 

 named I'. lil>in<fn. the small scented violet, its flowers 

 being white, small, and with a faint sv . . t perfume. 

 It grows in wet meadows in company with another 

 white-flowered species, V. lanceu!<tln, the lance-leaved 

 violet. 



There arc representatives of a second genus in the 

 Northern United Slates. /sW,<t, the green violet. S. 

 ciuiniliir occurs from New York to Illinois and south- 

 ward. It is a homely little plant, with small, green- 

 i-di white flowers, and lias the power, in common with 

 in :mv other violets, of projecting its seeds to aconsid- 

 erablc distance from the plant. 



Europe possefses many beautiful species of violets, 



the favorite among them all being I". I'l/'u-ntit, tho 



1 violet. This is a low. creeping plant, the 



flower L-enerally him-, but occasionally of other colors, 



and with a Very delicate iia'i.mee. i h superior to 



that of any American violet. It has been naturalized 

 here to some small extent. V. tricolor, a pretty little 

 plant, is the source of all our cultivated varieties of 

 pausies, heartsease, etc. Most of the cultivated vio- 



