WAGE WADE. 



747 



erudition and the strictly scientific methods evinced in 

 his researches on the nervous system lie attained to 

 the first rank among physiologists. He died at Paris, 

 May 18, 1887. His important works are Drx Puen- 

 inaru'fs secvndaires (1860); Le<;om sur la Pkysiologie 

 gtntrateet comparee du Syt&me nerveux (1806), the 



work which founded his reputation ; Lemons sur Tap- 

 pareil vaso-moteur (2 vols., 1875), in which he subjects 

 previous works to the rigid tests of experimentation ; 

 Clinique medicale de I' Hopital de la Charitt (1878) ; 



Maladies du Systeme nerveux (1879). 



(J. W. W.) 



w. 



WAGE, HENRY, English clergyman and author, 

 was born in London, Dec. 10, 1836. He was educated 

 at Brasenose College, Oxford, and graduated B. A. in 

 Isiii). Having taken orders he was curate in London 

 fr in 1861 to 1869, and chaplain of Lincoln's Inn from 

 H72tol8SO. He wan also professor of ecclesiastir.il 

 history in King's College, London, from 1875 to 1883, 

 iind since that date has been its principal. He has 

 also been prebendary in St. Paul's Cathedral since 

 I ss I. and has been select preacher at the universities 

 of Oxford and Cambridge. He has published 

 Chruticnrity and Morality, Boyle lectures (1876) ; Thf 

 Foundation* of Faith, Hampton lectures (1880) ; The 

 (loxprl and its Witnexxrx (ISS:j) ; Student' I Manual of 

 tin' /''riJaica of Christianity (1S.S6). With Dr. Wil- 

 liam Smith he edited the valuable Dictionary of Cl:ris- 

 tinn ttinf/i-ini/ii/ (4 vols., 1880-8(1). This work treats 

 with scholarly fulness and accuracy of the literature, 

 sects, and doctrines, from the time of the apostles to 

 the ape of Charlemagne. Dr. Wace is the author of 

 the Commentary on tin; Apocrypha (\68&) \a m}aA is 



called the Snrnltrr'f Cnnininitni'!/. He lias been asso- 

 ciated with Prof. Bnohheiui in editing the First Prin- 

 ri/Jt'x ,,f the AV/'"-'""''-"' l ' 



W ALDINGTON, WII.UAM HENRY. French archfe- 

 ologist ami statesman, was burn of English parents, 

 Dec. 11, ISl'i;, at Saint-ltemi (Eurc-et Loire). His 

 education was OOmmeiMod in Paris, and OOmpUted at 

 the University of Cambridge. Thence he returned to 

 France, and cliosc it for his natimiality. possessed (> f 

 fortune, he gave himself to antiquarian and numis- 

 matic pursuits, ami bi>canic nieml)er of the Society of 

 Antiquaries. The results of a journey in IS.V) in Asia 

 Minor, which he published in two Memoirs, were 

 crowned by the Academy of Inscriptions, of which 

 institution he was chosen a nicnilier in |si;.">. Elected 

 from the department of Aisno in IS7I to the national 

 1'ly, he soon obtained note by his report of the 

 law for the organization of the councils, general. At lirst 

 he ranked himself with the right centre, but, after his 

 brief occupancy of the post of minister of public in- 

 Hl ruction for five days in May, 1873, at the end of M. 

 Thiers' presidency. Waddington generally Voted with 

 the left centre. He gave his vote for the law which 

 restricted the right of suffrage till the age of twenty- 

 five. _ In May. 1874, after the fall of the Due de 

 Broglie, he declined a portfolio in the new cabinet ; voted 

 against the law for freedom from state control in higher 

 instruction, and supported the Republican constitution. 

 He was elected senator from Aisn<5 in 1876, but very 

 HI ion in the Dufaiirc cabinet took the position of 

 minister of public instruction, from which the depart- 

 ment of public worship was then separated. He 

 enforced compulsory primary education and the gov- 

 ernmental control of all educational institutions. In 

 the department of higher instruction he aimed at the 

 gronpitiL'of tin! faculties in the powerful and complete 

 universities, the establishment of private courses of 

 study directed bv the faculties, the development of 

 libraries, laboratories, and collections, and urged (he 

 creation of scholarships for poor students. He 

 changed some colleges into lyce'es, instituted faculties 

 of law at, Bordcaii:; and Douai. He retained his port- 

 folio when Jules Simon became premier, but resigned 



'it five months afterward (May 16, 1877), and in the 

 next month he voted in the senate against the dissolu- 

 tion of the chamber of deputies. In the following 

 December he entered the new cabinet of Dufaure as 

 minister of foreign affairs. He acted as the French 

 plenipotentiary at the congress of Berlin (June, 1878), 

 and claimed for Roumania and Servia freedom of 

 religion and political equality, conformably to the law 

 of modern civilization. He stoutly insisted on the 

 rectification of the boundaries between Greece and 

 Turkey. On his return to France he announced to 

 his government its honorable re-entry in the councils 

 of the great powers, and was complimented by M. 

 Dufaure in a public letter. After Marshal 'Mac- 

 Mahon's resignation of the presidency and Dufaure's 

 retirement, Waddington, under the presidency of 

 M. Gre'vy, while retaining the ministry of foreign 

 affairs, accepted in February, 1879, the presidency 

 of the council. He was then antagonized by the 

 senate as too republican, and by the chamber as too 

 moderate. Notwithstanding, he protested against the 

 prosecution of the late ministry of MacMahon on the 

 one hand, and on the other against an entire amnesty. 

 Despite the dissatisfaction of a portion of the Republi- 

 cans of the chamber, he obtained a vote of confidence, 

 Dec. 2, 1879. But four weeks later he resigned both 

 his positions, whereupon he was offered the ambassa- 

 dorship to England, which lie declined. Besides the 

 Memoirs, mentioned above, he has written Melanges de 

 Xitmismatiqitf et de Pldlologic (1861) ; Edit de f)iocle- 

 tien (1864) ; Vni/nge arclttologique en Greceet en Asie 

 Mini-lire (1868-77). 



WADE, BENJAMIN (1800-1878), senator, son of a 

 soldier of the Revolution, was born near Springfield, 

 Mass., Oct. i!7, 1800. The family was in very humble 

 circumstances, and what the boy learned was from his 

 mother. In 1818 he migrated to Northern Ohio, and 

 supported himself by farm-work, and driving cattle to 

 New York, with intervals of teaching school and shov- 

 elling on the Erie Canal. He managed to study law, 

 began practice in 1828, and after the usual waiting for 

 clients was made prosecuting attorney of Ashtanula, 

 county in 1835. In 1837 he was sent to the State 

 senate, where he was soon known as an outspoken 

 opponent of the slave system and its concomitants 

 in the North. Popular opinion on this subject in 

 Ohio was not then what it afterword became, and 

 Wade's hostility to the State "black laws" incurred 

 such odium as relegated him to private life. After 

 his re-election he had charge of die bill which incor- 

 porated Oberlin College. He became president judge 

 of the Third Ohio district in 1847. The dignity of 

 the bench did not repress his political activity ; after 

 the sessions of his court he made speeches in the cam- 

 paign for Taylor, whom, though a slaveholder, he pre- 

 ferred to Van Bnrcn. His reputation was no more 

 thnn local when he was sent to the U. S. Senate as a 

 AVhig in 1851 ; but in the national arena he speedily 

 made himself felt, and was a striking figure for eigh- 

 teen years. A hearty hater, with the full courage of 

 his convictions, untroubled by delicate scruples, con- 

 sideration for opponents, or the philosophic habit of 

 looking at both sides, he was in his clement in the rude 

 struggles which preceded the conflict of arms. His 



