\YF.STCOTT-\YIIK; PARTY. 



used in surgery. Tho properties of sulplniric ether 'ami Rouse's I'uint Railroad. In lS5R-59he was inthe 

 Wen- known lor tin- same |K-riod anil played with l>y Stall- Sriiati-. and in Congress I S ' y-T". 



boys. Dr. Crawford \V. I.OIIL'. of Georgia. Ilis mst conspicuous service was ill adjusting pi 

 in liis praeticc in IM'J. l.ut never pabufaed HNBpUoktMHW U I/.iiisiana by tin- "\Vheeier OOOIprO- 

 this applicat ion (ill after it was uiadt- ami announced ini-i-" in IS74. In IM>7 lie was president of tlic 

 by others. l>r. Marry, of Hartford, a friend of \Vi-l \ 'institutional convention, in I s7:i a eoiiimi.- 



jn January, ]s.4.">, ]it-rloriiii-il a successful operation liy of tlit- Slate parks, anil in |s.7('i ul' tin- Stair survey. 

 its aid ; but Dr. Morton appears to have Keen the lir.-t In the latter year he was u camliilate lor the RepaD- 

 to realize it.- importance for this u-e. and to seek and lican noininalion for President, but aeeepted tin 



gam the credit of its introduction. Floiirciis, of 

 Paris, showed the ami-si he! ie effert of cliloroforin on 

 animals in January. 1.M7. and in NovemlxT following, 

 Sir James Y. Simpson. of Edinburgh, introdueed it in 

 surgical operations. Of all tlic-se contributors to the 

 greatest alleviation yet found for physical suffering, 

 perhaps the most memorable was the unhappy dentist 

 of Hartford. 



\VKSTCOTT. BROOKE Foss, English clergyman, 

 was born near Birmingham, Jan. ]_', 1825. lie \\.i- 

 educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 

 ind being chosen fellow of his college. He was 

 ordained priest in IS">I and became assistant ina-ii T at 

 Harrow Sehool, holding the position seventeen years. 

 He became cumin residentiary of IVtcrliornugli in 1 >('.'.'. 

 and re^ius pmfes.-or of divinity at Cambridge in 1870. 

 lie was also rector of Somersham from ISTO till ISs-J, 

 and held various positions of honor. In 1SS4 he was 

 made canon of Westminster, lie has given special 

 attention to the history of the English Bible, nnd 

 i'rom IsTd to IWl he was a member of the Now Tes- 



pla.-e ..n the ticket with R. B. Hayes, and ncciipiid 

 the \'iec President's chair till ISM. Then he n-tind 

 to Malone. and died there June 4. ]Ss7. 



WHKKLOCK, Kl.KA7.AK. .- |).\UTM01TII Cnl.- 



WIIIC PARTY. This American political orgnni- 

 cation was the leading rival of the Democratic paiiy 

 (q. f.) during the second quarter of this century. In 

 a measure it was the of the old Federalist 



5 arty, which had IK-CD first defeated at the election of 

 cffcrson to the Presidency, and finally destroyed by 

 the victorious close of the war of 1M2. which it had 

 opposed. After the war. economic questions came to 

 the front. The war had united the people of the M a 

 board and of the interior more closely in spirit : but 

 the great natural barriers still obstructed their inter- 

 course. The- former Republican party, as directed by 

 Jefferson, wished to refer all questions of internal in- 

 terest to local legislation, as more directly representing 

 the people affected by them. But the vast extent of 

 roads and canals required to overcome the natural ob- 

 tamcnt Revision Company. Among his publications staeles required larger plans and more liberal aid than 

 ale Ilistiiru of t/in (.'niton of tlie Ntic 'J'l'xtniin-iit the States severally could furnish. Popular lenders 

 (1855); Introduction to the Slmli/ of the (/oxjit-lx who saw the necessity called upon the national govcrn- 

 ; The liilili- in the Clntrrh (isH4); Tin- ,Yi.yY nient to exert its power for the general welfare. Jef- 

 ferson himself had waived his theory of government 

 in his purchase of Louisiana : and his Madi- 



son, had done the same in chartering the 1 T . S. Hank. 



\ 



% 



Samel 



(isOfi); Jlixtori/ it/the English 



W,MlM,>); l;,,;L,t;,,n ,,f tin- j\'ix,-n Lonl (ISSL') 



tlte Resurrection 



'utioii oft/ii- Rixen Lonl >!,..._,. 

 Unilnlion of the Father (J884J. |' e bas published 



commentaries on the Gospel and KpistVs of St. John, 

 and has contributed to Smith's Hililr IHctlniiiirji and 

 DiettOHOn of ('/irlxtimi lilofffijiltii. In company with 

 1'r. Hart be edited the \, u- 'I', s/nmrnt in tin OrifftJUll 



J vols. . 1SS1). Their labors were in great meas- 

 ure th- 'i of the English version. 



\VKST POINT. S,-c MlIlTAKV Ac.VH K.MIES. 

 M'llKAT. Sec A<:KK-fI.TIKK. Chap. V. 1. 



WHBDON, DANIV.I. DKNISUN (isns-iss:.). thcolo- 

 pian. was born at Onondaga. N. Y., March li<>, ISdS. 

 He graduated at Hamilton Colleirc in ISi;s. studied 

 law at Koehester, nnd was engaged in teaching. In 



1C was inaile proli-s-or of am-irnt laiiL-ii 

 Wflriej*M) 1'niversity. Middletown, Conn. In i 

 enraged in pastoral work, but in ISI.'ihc was made 

 pnifessor of rhetoric and history in the I'niversity of 

 Michigan. After ten years ot >er\ ire he returned to 

 the pastorate at Jamaeia. L. I . but in l.s'ifi he was 

 cleeled by the M. V.. Ceneral ( 'oiifi-reii'-e to be editor 

 of tin- Milli<,<li*t (Juitrtrrlii I','inr. This position he 



d by siicee i\e n eli'etions until Issl. when 

 fiilinir strength compelleil him to ab-tain from work. 

 He died at Atliintie Highlands. N. J.. Junes 

 Besides his editorial work he published many ad- 



s nnd sermons nnd contributed to various peri 

 His chief works were T/ir frrnlum of tlir 



National aid t<i internal improvements had also received 

 favor during the administration ot these Presidents. 

 Monroe's administration also wavered in regard to 

 the theory of the strictly limited power of the Fed- 

 eral (iovcrnnient. and in that of John Qnincy Adanm 

 the liberal view pievailed. This was seen not only 

 in the promotion of internal improvements, but 

 specially in the passage of the protective tariff of 

 Henry Clay was the leading exponent of this 

 view, but was still classed as a Republican, until the 

 partisans of his jealous rival. Andrew Jackson, suc- 

 ceeded in thnisting him from its councils on account 

 of his aiding the ac.-< ssiun of Adams and then enter- 

 ing the cabinet as secretary of state. In succeeding 

 contests, .Jackson, who had roused the mass of the. 

 jieople to a sense of their political power, carried with 

 him the great bulk of the Republican party, which 



-iimed the appropriate title. I>emocialir. 

 Clay's adhcrcntx. when forming a separate organiza- 

 tion, called themselves at first "National Repub- 

 licans." but soon adopted the briefer title. "Whii:-." 

 This name had been used first in (treat Rritnin at the 

 close of the seventeenth century to denote those who 

 favored the authority of Parliament and a>h 

 constitutional limitations (d" the royal power. liefore 



the American Revolution it had been transferred 



w 



at ti,f n,<*; _ _ 



Olting the rights ol the colonies against the encroach- 

 (7 vols . meiits of King and Parliament ; and it was. therefore. 



of lliniinii lt,.-t/ii>nx!li!/it>/ (isi'.l) : . to this country to indicate in like manner those sn|>- 



(III till' .V.I/ Tl.llilllll-llt ('< Vols. 



and ' in/ on tlir Olit Trxtnmrnt 



the latter being left incomplete. l>r. 

 Whedon wns the ablest exponent of Armiman theology 

 in the I'nited S 



WHF.KLKR. WII.I.IAM AIMON (lsiO-ls-7). ninr- 

 i sident of the T'nitcd Slate-, was IKIHI 

 at Malone. X. Y.. June :;<>. Isl'.i. Karly 

 orphan, he taiiL'ht s-honl. spent two years at the I'ni- 

 \ei-ity of Vermont, studied and praelised law. He 

 liceami- Mipcrintendent i 'listri<-t attorney of 



I'r.oiklin i-o.. nnd WhiL' inemlH'r of the b'gislalure in t 



For four; he was cashier "f the Ma m-iking the eliansre trradnal. that the manufacturers 



lone Bank, and for eleven president of the Ogdensburg might adapt themselves to it. To tliat end it was pro- 



still highly popular. The Whii-s not only favored the 

 tariff of 1828 but also the I". S. Bank mid certain in- 

 ternal improvements, which they declared were neces- 

 sary. 



The Whigs licld their first national convention in 

 Hallimoie m ls:;l. and nominated llcnrr Clay for 

 President. Hut Jaek-on won the day. with lily <! c- 

 lor.il votes against I'.' for Clay. In 1 it. view 



of thi^ troubles with South Carolina, proj 

 compromise granting a reduction of the tariff; but 



