763 



WfflPPLE-WHlPPOORWILL. 



that the Compromise measures would have been dc- 

 ieatcd because, as :i Southern man, lie was enabled in 

 take ground which a President from dm North could 

 have suggested or held. Millard Fillmore. of 

 New York i to the Presidency, and it was 



well known dial he did nut sympathize with Taylor's 

 attitude. He openly used his ittflMBOe in fitrorof th<3 

 Clay Compromise. The Southern Whii;s. under the 

 lead of Clay, lavored tin- compromise, but there was 



cantile Association, but nil his later work was dun" in 



-i His < -~;iy on Macaulay. printed in IM.;, won 

 acknowledgment from that author, who hn-ciinie one 

 of Whittpw'l ehief mode].- in style, lie soon I 

 a OODtribotOf to the \m-tli Ainirnmi Hirinr an<i 

 periodieals, wherein his writing atlraeted much alt< u- 

 tion, anil were supposed to mark a point midway hc- 

 tw.-eti the old manner and the new. as typified at ll.o 

 two extremes by ( 'banning and Knierson. Another 



earnest opposition from Northern Whigs, who followed audience was brought within his reach hy the Iccturc- 



William 11. Seward. 'The Prc.-ideiu approved s. pa- platform, on which he is said to have appeared a 



ratcly all the bills which had formed the compromise, thousand times, though rarely or never going faithcr 



Tlic.-e were die Fugitive Slave law. the admissi.ni of than the Middle States. 1 le was never an agitator 



California, the organization of New Mexico and 1 tall a pleader: hut many welcomed his frank, dispav-ion- 



with.mt restrictions as to slavery, and the prohibition ale. and kindly discussion of men and diings, and 



ot the slave trade in the District of Columbia. The chiefly of ideas and books. His abundant male n:.l, 



which had been invited into the Whip party always carefully prepared with reference to the rc- 



U|mn the question of slavery was gradually driven <|uircmcnts of the lyecuin or magazine, was hut 



home. In ISVJ the Whig Convention met in Haiti- sparingly fathered into volumes. J-'*xui/s ami 7.V- 



Tln> Southern members of the party were in r/t * appeared in L'vols.. IMS. and Is-ctiirrx nn Snb- 



inirclni ni/lt Littnilin-c nut, 



JfCt 



year. 



favor of Fillniore. Webster was a candidate ; but in 

 spite- of his famous speech of .March 7. IS.">0. in advo- 

 cacy of the compromise, lie obtained little supjioit 

 among the Southerners, (ien. Wintield Scott was 

 supported by (lie anti-slavery Whigs, for although he 

 was a Virginian, he hail 'in established military refu- 

 tation. The votes were strictly upon geognphud 

 lines. Fillmore having almost every Southern vole and 

 Scott every Northern vote, except 111 for Fillniore and 

 L"J for Webster. Clay, from his death-bed in Wash- 

 ington, asked his friends to support Fillniore. After 

 a long contest some of the Fillmore delegates went 

 over to Scott and nominated him. The platform, 

 however, was designed to conciliate Southern voters; 

 pted die Fugitive Slave law and other kindred 

 enactments as a finality on the questions of the day. 

 In the earlier part of the campaign the Whigs had 

 apparently a very fair show of SUCCORS; there was 

 much enthusiasm over Scott on account of his war 

 i l!nt die rival factions of the Democrat! in 



the Stale of New York came togct her. Van Hureu a purely literary life, for lecturing with him WHS 

 returned to them and their prospects brightened. The ' merely a convenient method of expression. lie was 

 Whigs found that .although their platform was accept- no eager bookmaker, for 17 yea re elapsed before the 

 able to die Southerners, yet their candidate was not appearance of Cluirnctcr and Okrtnuterittie Mrn 

 acceptable Uvatisc of hi.- support by such anti-slavery (Isr.d). His lectures nt the Lowell Institute, pub- 

 men at the North as Seward and (Ireclcy. Thus the li-hed in 1809 as J,!lrr<itnre of tlir Anf <if l-'.li-nlirlh 



won high praise. SmBMOMEtbi Cbm/AiojM foUoWM 

 in 1S7I ; his flxxui/x were collected in six volumes the 



/ I.ifi the next 



A judicious distrust of the patience of audi- 

 appcared in his terse, pithy sentences, neither 

 overloaded with ornament nor burdened with unduly 

 profound thought, but full of sensible observations, 

 tilted to make the every-day reader somewhat wiser. 

 'I'll :-( early books of his were fully up to tho- require- 

 ments of their lime, and met unfriendly handling 

 only from I'oe. who found the author too genial. ( If 

 1'oe's acerbity Whipple was incapable; his happy, 

 even, amiable, and manly spirit made no enemies, and 

 had nothing in common with the supposed malignity 

 of critic's. He and H. (i. White, long die only Ame- 

 ricans of established repute in this profession, always 

 wrote of each oilier in kindly terms; their spheres 

 we're so different that they never clashed. In 1850 

 Whipple was the 1 Boston orator; his subject, suited to 

 .July -ilh, was \Yiifliinrjtim mid the I'l-iiicijilfx f llif. 

 Aiiin-irun Rrrolutinn. Ill 1800 he resigned hi- 

 nt the Merchants' Exchange, and cave himself up to 



men ai cue .101111 as otrwuiu CIIIM * i n iv > . LUIU >m n 



AVhig party lost clay by day. and finally Pierce received v 

 L'.M electoral votes and Scott but 4-1. This was the' ii 



last contest in which the Whigs took an active part. 

 All subsequent efforts for the revival of die party were 

 without avail because of the ever inn -casing impor- 

 tance of the- discus-ion upon slavery bore down every- 

 thing before it. The newly-foinn d Republican party, 

 organized in opposition to the extension of slavery, 

 soon tbwrfaed the anti-slavery Whigs, while the pro- 



same year. After his death at Boston. .June 0. Is-se',, 

 two later books wen- published, with introeluctions by 

 Whittier and Dr. Bartol, Ainrrfrnn Isitrrnturr <IIH{ 

 Otln-r I'IJMVX and lirrnUrcttimx nf h'niiiirnl Mrn. both 

 in 1SS7. Whipple was not a man of originality ami 

 genius, but he had the respect and fellowship of those 

 who were' lie' was a figure in the literary life of 



slavery Whigs, after some dallying with the Native j Boston nt its best, and filled a place of his own the 

 Amcricnn party (//. r.) and a futile attempt to organize! self taught man who prefers truth by the way of liter- 

 itiitieinal 1'nion party, found a more congenial ature to worldly affairs, and reads and thinks that he 



may write, earing chiefly to sift intellectual and moral 

 value's, and ge't facts and ideas into their true light and 



home among the- I icmni'nit*. 



Hildreth's I/ix/nn/ nf the United Stnlrx presents a 

 fair view of the Whig party. See also tin 1 S/ircrlirx 



of Clay and Webster, and Carl Sc-hurz's Ilniry Clay 

 (1887). Sec in this work REPUBLICAN Party. 



(p. o. M.) 



WHII'l'lJ'l, KDWIN Prncr (1810-lHsc,). , 

 ami critic, was born at Gloucester. Mass., March 8. 

 M'.i. Soon taken by his widowed mother to Salem. 

 lie attended the public- school*. His education, c-xccpt 

 M it W8 conducted by himself, ended at l">. when he 

 became a Imnk clerk ; but he had written for the press 

 a year before this. In 1837 he was Iransfcrred to a 

 bank in l!o-ton. and thence to the Merchants' Fx- 

 ehange, as wcrelary and Mii.crinten<lent of tji. 

 ing-room. This |>ositioii. while Kcuring him from 

 want, gave him leisure to follow his ln'iit. which was 

 Mrongl.v literary, though bis training had been much 

 incur financial and practical than scholastic'. In l-ll) 



ri'laiions. The choice was worthy, and nothing in his 

 e-areeT belied it. His fame and works are unlikely to 

 live forever, but he was for years a civilizing influence, 

 and to sonic the best teacher of the matters he' teieik in 

 hnnd. (K. M. B.) 



WHIPPOOBWILL, the common name of the 

 Aiiti-iaiiiinnix rocifmi*, one of the most common and 

 'ing of the North American birds, of the goat- 

 sucker or night jar family. To an untrained ob-< m r 

 this bird bears a treat resemblance to the common 

 niL'ht hawk ( I 'In rdidilrx or ( 'linrdilcx. jxijirtur). but ils 

 \nice- and its more strictly nocturnal habits separate: 

 very clearly ; and. on close observation, 

 quiie' .1 number of small but important physical 

 m.'iiks of distinction are perceptible. Its generic. 

 name-, Atitriixinnni*. or cave mouth, is an appropriate 

 it the latest systematise limit its application 



he road a poem with eminent sinww- hcfore the' >b-i hy reserving it for the chuck will's widow (A. 



