770 



SYIIITK-WIIITKFIFII. 



opinion!", ami fearless in st.iting tlu-in. His l,.-il.ii> Seabury taking the cliicfpart in tlic revision of the 



were studious and retiring nitlirr tlian social. With 

 all tin' enormous literary work that lie :uv<>in|>lislieil. 

 lie held the t-liiet' elerL.-hip in the revi line bun -an of 

 tlie New York Custom House from LS61 to Is7v He 

 died in New York, April s, 1- (F. M. B.) 



WHITK, Wn.i JAM (I74s-is;;o). first bishop of the 



Piotcstant Kpiscopal Church in Pennsylvania. was 



lH>rn in Philadelphia, April -1, 17-ls (March i'. (). S.). 

 His lather. C'ul. 'I'lupinas White, hail emigrated from 

 1/oliiion I T^O, settlin.L' in Maryland, whenee lie removed 

 a year before the birth of his distinguished son. The 

 Uiy's grave, devout, and blameless ehararter seemed 

 iniiii earliest years to predict his future, and a friend 

 deelared thai he was " Imrn to In 1 a bishop." From the 

 age of seven he attended the College of Philadelphia, 



beginning with its Knglish school, and graduated I7t>. r >. 

 Alter a lone course of theological study under the 

 Wai clergy. Pis. Kieliard Peters and Jacob Puche, he 

 went to England for orders in the fall of 1770 and 

 , his examination with great credit. He was 

 ordained deacon in l>ceembcr, 1770. and priest in June, 

 I77 Soon alter his return in September. I77l'. he 

 1-ecame assistant minister of Christ C'huix-h and St. 

 1'eter's (then and long after united), and married in 

 February, 1773. His calm and gentle wisdom was 

 exhibited on the outbreak of hostilities ; he would not 

 preach polities or make (In 1 church a recruiting Station. 

 bttl promptly took the oath of allegiance to the 1'niled 

 Stales, retired to .Maryland when the British ap 

 pruached the city, and on hi* appointment as one of 

 the two chaplains of Congress at once proceeded to 

 York and entered on the duties of this office, which he 

 retained as long as Congress met in Philadelphia, On 

 returning thither after the evacuation he was the only 

 Kpiscopal clergyman in the Slate ; but for his presence 

 iind example the prospects of his eliiirch would have 

 l>ccti much darker oven than they were. He U-camc 

 rector of the united parishes in April. 177'.'. stipulat- 

 ing for his resignation in case ot the return of his 

 predecessor. Dr. Piicho (17. v.). 



After the war had secured tlie independence of the 

 United States, Pr. White did far more than any other to 

 uplift the elniroh irora the confusion, depression, and 

 unpopularity into which she iiad (alien. Without wait- 

 ing for peace to IK- formally declared, he published in 

 August. I7SL'. a weighty ami memorable pamphlet, Tin 



' ' 



f Ihr 



('inirclirs < 'inisnli-i nl. Ilspro- 



i hat in thei-ouncilsand governinenl ol I he church 

 nil parishes should I*' equal and laymen admitted to a 

 share with the clergy, were soon adopted ; another sug- 

 gestion. I M>rti of the crying needs ol the times, thai a su- 

 perior order ol clergy IM- temporarily provided to take as 

 iar as they could the duties ot tin' episcopate till the 

 MII-CI ssion could IK; procmed. was presently invalidated 

 by the j-onclusion of peace wilh Knglaml. which in- 

 volved the possibility if not, the near prospect ol 

 obtaining consecration there. Though tew Kpiscopal 

 inini.-lers remained in Aimricn. While did not despair 

 but opened a rorrevpondenee with them and with lay- 

 men of influence looking to measures of organization. 

 lie presided at meetings held in 17*4 m his: own eity 

 and at New Brunswick. N. J.. and at the first (Jeneral 



( 'iinveiitioii iii Philadelphia, September, 17x5. 1 b re In- 



drafted an address to the Knt'lish Bishops, which was 

 sent through the I'. S minister. John Adams. At length 

 Parliament authorised these prelates to oon 

 Americans: conventions of tlie diocese of IVnnsvlva 

 nia had met in May. !7-"i. and June. 17SC,, and White 



etcd bishop Sept. II. 17'-i>. On Nov. L' be sailed 

 with l>r. S. Provoost, who had U-en likewise chosen in 



York. They were cons' crated in Lambeth 

 (Jlmpel, Fob. 4. 1787, and landed in New York two 

 months later. Dr. Scabury had been i-onsecraleil in 

 Scotl.inil. 17^ t. :is Bishop of Connecticut! he joined 

 hi* brethren in the convention of I7h'.l at which the 1". 

 F. Chim-h in America was duly ori.-aniy.ed. Bishop 

 White dian-iug up its eon.-lilulion, and wilh 



Travel Book. 

 As in forming, so in guiding. Bishop White was 



the father ol his church : his kindly serenity, his wise 

 loleranee, his dislike of extremes, the lolly purity of 

 liis character, his lack of narrow and M If seeking 

 \ie\\.-. adapted him to the part alike of leader anil 

 peacemaker ; his was the directing mind which shaped 

 the church's early course ; be was toil "what Wash- 

 ington was to the country," and his writings were is 

 His ;i lie ('ilx-liii.iii :\\ | 



in lsi:i. his Comparatitt Vtaotfflke Controttrq/behctr* 



Ciilnnixts mill Arnii'iiiiingui ISI7, his JUfniotrt of the I'. 

 K. Cluir,-/! in Ihr 1'nltrd Sttttt*. Is^i (enlarged 

 The latter has been criticised only as minimising, if not, 

 concealing, his own great services. For forty years lie 

 was senior and presiding bishop, active in and' beyond 

 hi.- own diocese which under him grew to M. ministers 

 and 01 OOngregationa. He eonseciatcd L'I' bishops. 

 A society which he founded in Isli'. was the beginning 

 of Episcopal home missions in the Wc-t. A third par- 

 ish. St. James, was organized in Philadelphia in 1 s ' 1 '. 1 , 

 and he was rector of the three till his death. Wilh 

 hardly any stipend as bishop, lie travelled over the 

 State till 1SJ7, when an assistant was provided. Mi- 

 nutely faithful to every duty, he never lelt his post, but 

 ministered alike to the sufferers from yi How lever in 

 I7'.i:;and from choleiain ls:;-j. From 1787 he occupied 

 one house in \Yalnut street above Third. His views 

 were moderately " l<ow Church." but he was the corre- 

 spondent of Priestley, the friend ol' all good men and 

 useful measures, lie died July 17, ISMi'i. universally 

 honored and beloved. His Mi-mii\ by Pr. Bird 

 Wilson, appeared in IsKo; his fittest epitaph is Words- 



worth's line. "Saintly White, patriarch ol 



spreading family." 



(r 



a wide- 

 M. B.) 



WHITEPISH, the common name of all the M 



of the genus Coreooittt*, family S'lliimniilti: which are 

 abundant in the (ireat Lakes and in all the British 

 American Lakes perhaps as far north as the Arctic 

 Ocean. In this section of the Salmon family the body 

 is covered wilh scale s of moderate size, the cleft of the 

 mouth is small, the teeth, if present, are exl: 

 minute and deciduous, the dorsal fin is of moderate 

 length, the caudal deeply forked. The body is elon- 

 gated but thick, the head small ami pointed, the L. n- 

 eral appearance being like that of the shad. Then- !iio 

 in all about two American species, all lacustrine in 

 habitat, each species being locali/ed. thonvh in some 

 cases three or more are found in the same hike. They 

 vary in size from the huge lake \\hilelish. averaging 

 :; to "> pounds in weight, to the little "lake herring'' 

 of the Saranac Lakes. The whilelish arc tin 

 important loud ti.-ln s of the (I real Lake region, and 

 are of vital importance to some northern tril 

 Indians. In quality of llesh they have no superior 

 among our food-lisln s, the flesh being white, tender, 

 juicy, and of delicate flavor, and never producing a 

 feeling of satiety like the salmon. 



The most inipottanl species is C. clitprifiimii*. the 

 large lake whitt fish, which is found in all the (inat 

 Likes, attaining its lar-.-i si si/e in Lake Superior, where 

 it averages over ') pounds in Weights though a spi<'i- 

 men has liccn taken ol L'ii pounds In the oilier lakes 

 il is smaller, the usual s;zc biouL-ht to market being 

 about L' pounds. It is in color bluish gray on the back, 

 lighter on the side*, mid while below, This species 

 is supposed to feed on the small cru.-tacea and other 

 small animal forms of the lake watirs II 001 

 v:ist shoals into the shallow waters of the lakes to 

 spawn and is then caught in large quantities in nets. 

 Like the shad, it apparently eats nothing during the 

 spawning season. 



The species next in importance to tl e above is 



('. nrl-'ili. the "lake herring." ol smaller K/.C I nl iii,c 

 of the most abundant of the great lake fishes. It r a 

 valuable food-lish though considerably inlcrior in <|H: 1- 

 ;' tc C. diiftij'nliiit. Ill the lakes ol the j 



