WOLSELEY. 



785 



South Carolina, and even Jamaica, the liearts of whose i 

 inhabitants he strove to win by a published Address. \ 

 lie obtained books and apparatus, with ;in orrery said 

 to be 'the first made by Rittcnhouse. He promptly 

 took a leading place in Presbyterian councils, and had 

 a hand in training many of the chief ministers and 

 laymen of that church. 



Dr. Witherspoon's expansive energies found even a 

 larger field in the American struggle for independence, 

 in which he was as warm as any ; he said he had "be- 

 come an American the moment he landed. " His fast- 

 day sermon. M.iy 17, 177'i, on the Dauuaton <if 1'mrt- 

 dence over the Passions of Men, was dedicated to John 

 Hancock as president of the Continental Congress, 

 and reprinted with notes in Glasgow to show the 

 wickedness of rebels. The war, which closed the col- 

 lege for a tiuie, enabled him to devote himself to the j 

 service of the State. He was a member of the New 

 Jersey convention called to frame a constitution for 

 the State, and of its first Congress, which he opened 

 with prayer. Here his gift of sarcasm was exercised 

 up in William Franklin, son of Benjamin and royalist 

 governor, who when arrested by the Congress strove 

 to treat it with supercilious contempt. Witherspoon 

 was sent to the Continental Congress June 21, and 

 almost his first a<-t in Philadelphia was to sign the j 

 Declaration. "The Colonies,'' he said, "were not 

 only ripe for independence, but rotting for want of it. " 

 His patriotism was as solid and consistent as it was 

 ready and outspoken. Except in ITSii, when he made 

 an effort to revive the college, he sat in Congress till 

 November, 17S2. always in clerical attire, and account- 

 ing himself "God's minister both in a sacred and in a 

 civil sense." Already noted as a theologian, he took 

 equal rank as a civilian, drew up many of the papers 

 of Congress, and did his full share of work in its 

 committees and on the floor. He was a member of the 

 Board of War in 1777, and in February, 1781, pro- 

 posed to give Congress power to regulate trade. He 

 supported the financial measures of lloliert Morris, 

 nnd opposed paper issues after the second ; his Ax; / / 

 on M<iri/ had solid value. His last work was Tin' 

 Druid (1781). Few civilians of the revolutionary 

 period occupied a more prominent place in the public 

 eye ; of all the leaders of that time, after Wu*liingion. 

 hr; was thought to have the most impressive presence. 

 His important work seemed to be ended with the war. 

 Against the advice of Franklin and Jay, he unwisely 

 undertook in 1783-84 to solicit aid for the college in 

 it Britain, where popular irritation against America 

 made the attempt nsel, -s. He yielded to the mania 

 for land speculation, and had trouble thereby. At the 

 age of 09 he married a lady of 23. The chief duties 

 at Princeton in these later years were assumed by his 

 son-in-law, the vice-president, for Dr. Withci>poon 



was aill'ii'tcd by failing health and sight. He died at his 

 "Tu.sciilum." near Princeton. Nov. 15, 1794. 

 His Wnrla were collected in 4 vols.. N. V., ISillM (re- 

 pi rated in 3 vok, Pliila.. 1803, and in ( .l vols., Edin- 

 burgh, 1804). A Lift of him by Dr. Ashbcl (ireen 

 remains in MS. in the library of the N. J. I listen -.\\ 

 Soeictv. His statue was unveiled in Fairniount Park, 

 Philadelphia, Oct. 20, 1876; the Proceedinfft and Ad- 

 drf**f* on that occasion were published in IS77. 



WOLSELEY, SIR GARNET Jonra, Vrsrorvr. an 



eminent British general, son of a major of the same 

 name, was Ixirn at Goid'-n Uridire House. County Dub- 

 lin, Ireland, June 4, IV.:;. Educated at a private' 

 school and by tutors at home he early showed a i'ond- 

 '' <r military studies, especially engineering. He 

 entered the army on March 12. 1852. as ensign, and 

 went to |j'irm:ih. nrriviinr in March. 1 85.",. He led an 

 on the works of the insurgent Mynbtoon. was 

 daiiL'evoiisly wounded, and lay six months in a critical 

 condition. In the Crimean war lie arrived before Sc- 

 'l Dec. 5, 1854. and was under lire the next day ; 

 was actively engaged in repulsing the Kussian sorties, 

 and was posted at the right in the attack of Dec. 



30. He soon volunteered as an assistant engineer, was 

 made a captain in January, 1855, took a prominent 

 part in the siege, serving often in the trenches, and re- 

 ceiving several wounds, one of which gave him trouble 

 years alter. On Dec. 30 he lost an eye and was dis- 

 abled by numerous wounds, through a round shot 

 striking a gabion close to him. Recovering he was 

 appointed on the staff of the quartermaster-general. 

 Of twelve officers in three messes he was the only one 

 not killed or sent home wounded. He remained in the 

 Crimea till the last soldier had left it. After brief ser- 

 vice at Aldershot he was sent to India and wrecked in 

 the Transit, July 10, 1857, on the island of Banca. 

 He marched under Sir Colin Campbell to the relief of 

 Lucknow, commanded the storming party which car- 

 ried the mess-house and drove the enemy from the 

 Motu Maheel palace, took part in the later actions 

 with the rebels, and had charge of the quartern! aster- 

 general's department of Sir Hope Grant's division, 

 during the operations in Oude and on the Nepaul 

 frontier. Made lieutenant-colonel in April, 1859, he 

 went to China with the same commander, reaching 

 lion:: Kong March 13, 1800, and took part in the ex- 

 pedition to the island of Cliusan, which surrendered. 

 in June he went with Grant to the north of China, 

 and in the movement toward Pekin he had charge of 

 the topographical department, surveying the country 

 in advance of the troops, carrying his life in his hand 

 and twice narrowly escaping capture. He witnessed 

 the sacking of the Summer Palace and the surrender 

 of Pekin, Oct. 15. After the embarkation of the 

 troops he made a trip to Japan, went on a confidential 

 mi-sion to Nankin to inquire into the condition and 

 pro.-pects of the Taeping rebels, and reached England 

 in May, 1801. He sailed in December as assistant 

 quartermaster general to an army of 10,000 ordered to 

 Canada. Disregarding the orders of hi;; government 

 he visited in August the Confederate armies in Vir- 

 ginia, meeting Lee and Jackson. The succeeding 

 years were uneventful; he became colonel in 1805. 

 The breaking out of an old Crimean wound in the leg 

 sent him back to England, whence he returned to 

 command a camp of exercise in Canada, and took the 

 Cold against the Fenian invasion near Niagara, 1806. 

 In 1870 he commanded the expedition which put 

 down Kiel's rebellion on the Red River. Leaving 

 Toronto May 21 with 1200 men, he made a road from 

 Thunder Bay, on Lake Superior, took Fort Garry in 

 August, restored order, installed a new governor of 

 Manitoba, started eastward Sept. 10, and returned to 

 England to be knighted iind placed on half-pay. 



Six months later he was appointed assistant adju- 

 t&nt-general of the Horse Guards, and was a member 

 of Cardwell's commission for the reorganization of the 

 army. In August, 1873. he was ordered to the Gold 

 Coast of Africa as governor and major-general to con- 

 duct the Ashantee war. Embarking at Liverpool 

 Sept. 12 he arrived at Cape Coast Castle Oct. 2 with 

 L'7 selected officers, and twelve days later attacked Essa- 

 inan wiih success. After a dangerous attack of fever 

 lie received reinforcements, instructed them in bush- 

 fighting, and inarched into the interior. With 1500 

 English and 500 natives he defeated King Coffee Cal- 

 culii at Amsapel. Jan. 31, 1874. He entered Coomas- 

 sie Feb. 4, and burned and left it three days later. 

 I The king now submitted, and the treaty of Fommanah 

 was concluded, Feb. 13. Sir Garnet sailed for Eng- 

 land March 4, having rapidly and successfully finished 

 this war at a cost, of 900,000. At home he received 

 the thanks of Parliament, the permanent rank of 

 ; major-general, a grant of 25,000, the ribbon of the 

 Bath, and various other honors. 



Ho was presently made inspector-general of the 

 auxiliary forces, and sent, February, 1875, to Natal to 

 reform the administration and secure the defences of 

 the colony. After acting as governor five months, in- 

 stituting many reforms, he returned to England in 

 October and icsiuned his duties at the war office. In 



