798 



vorxc Yorx<; MF.X-S CIIRI-TIAX A<MM i.vnox. 



Science, and other prominent learned societies. 

 !!< lio|>l liiijli rank as a writrr of (scientific papers. 

 IK- ha- lectured ill various cities, niul by his treatise 

 The fiitu (International Seiei. 8 -li. lu- 



ll i- p.'iml.in/.ed llii- topics of solar physics anil siiee- 

 troscopv. His latest publication is a Miitnt" 



(3. w. W.) 



YOl'Nii. KnwMMi. -l iti-ticinn, was born Dec. 

 11. 1">14, at Fahnonth, Nova Sroiia. After 

 iu^ aeadcmi.- education, anil speiidinir some \ 

 Wind-or. X. Y., in mercantile altiiirs, he emigrated 

 in 18; Jo to Indiana, where lir en^a^ed in business. 

 In l>ln In- returned to liis native pr >vince, married 

 and settled ill Halifax. X. Y., when' besides hiscom- 

 in.-rcial pursuits lie edited tbe " .V. Hi-mu'li, a piis- 



temperaii'-i' pulilii-ilion. After sustaining 

 losses in nhippiii','. lie removed in is}'.) to F> 

 ami. in 1S~>1. to Philadelphia where in partnership 

 with K. T. Frecdlcy. lie published Inioksand a weekly 

 newspaper devoted to American industries. Their 

 most important publication was .1 llittnrii of Ameri- 

 can M'tKufiti-liiri.t j'ri'in ItHH In IS Ki i :! vols.l. edited 

 1>V Dr. .1. I.. Ui-liop. hi- wif 's brother. A slatisti- 

 e.U work compiled by Mr. Yoiin.' havin<; allraeted 

 attention he was offered and accepted n plaee in the 

 I". S. treasury department, removing to Washington 

 in 18til. II -re, a- chief of division, he superintended 

 the compilation of the statistic- of industry and pre- 

 pared lor publication a voluminous report on the 

 M.i,nif'i,-tiii-m i if tin I'liil"! Stall. <. the precursor of 

 all sucli reports. In HIM he accepted a place mi 

 the revenue commission tendered by its chairman, 

 lion. D. A. Wells, but soon resigned. On Mr. 

 AVclls' recommendation Congress authorized the 

 establishment of a bureau of statistics, and when this 



,_'ani/cd in Hiiti Mr. Yoimi; was made its 

 chief clerk. After a few months, he was promoted 

 to be chief of tin: bureau, which under his manage- 

 ment became the peer of the older similar institutions 

 in Kurope. In addition to the oflicial reports. Mr. 

 YOUIIJJ published a Sfin-inl l!i : /irt it Inmiiyrtition 

 I 1-71 >, which was translated into (icrm-in. French, 

 and Swedish, and circulated by tens of thousands 

 throughout Kurope. the result hem-.' a L-reat annual 

 increase in the inllux of immigrant*. In the sum- 

 year he published a N/nr/n/ Ifi imrt <>u 1/n 1'imt'iiiin-- 

 Ttt/nff L"/i.*l'ili">i nf tlif ttt, \'->r these 



two works the Columbian University conferred on 

 him the derive of 1'n.D. His most important work 

 is Lttfttrr in /.'/"/,/- n,i,l Aiiui-i'-n (\*1~. which -lives 

 the results of pcrnonal invetijatiun of the condition 

 of the workinu cbs-e-. Dr. Youni; withdrew from 

 the bureau of htatistics in 1^7<. and lent, his M-rvices 

 fora few months to the Canadian L'overiiment in the 

 construction of tarilV-tablcs, etc. He ha- since been 



' 'on-ill at Windsor. (J. II.) 



Yor.M.. UUIIKIM i 1-JJ ISHS', author of the 

 Aitn^ili'-'il C:iii-i'i-'l'ii'-r\ was born at KdinburHh, 

 Scotland. Sept. I". !>-.'_'. He becamea printer, then 

 u bookseller, editor and publisher of many works 

 in Hebrew and other Oriental lani'iiasrcM. In 1S.V> 



ut to India lo superintend gin Mission press 

 lit Sural. Alter his return in IHTil, he conducted 

 for soini! years a missionary iu-lituU 1 . and in 1807 



i the I'uiled St:itc-. H" was still diligent in 

 lalM>rs connei-ted with the Bible, its original lan- 



<, nnd iU inte'-pretation. In his well-known 

 An" 1 "' ' "i;!, 1,11-1 he u'ive- oil. INK! references. 



nnd furnishes various means of compsirin.i! the Kn- 

 Uli-h text of any pa-sai_'e with the original. Ile 

 ullerwards prepared ' 'niilrilinlin,i* In n .\m' Ifi I-IM'HII ; 

 ' . . I', HIHHI i-li",'- ! \nr '!',*- 



I'.ili/i H'uriN 



S'//l"llVI/l* ; 'J'mifiilil (',,1111,1-ililnif. t<l (.' 



,nil, anil other helps to the study of the 

 Scriptures, bc-Hes :m excellent tninslalioii of the 

 New Testament. He ijinl Oct. 1 1, 1- 



Y(if\(i MKN'-s, HKISTIAN 



Within the past half ccntu: .! ion- "t ' iui II 



have IH-CII formed under this name for tin- purp<'.-e 

 of carrying on evangelical work in addiiion to that 

 commonly pi-r|i.rmi-d by the system of I'rolcstnnl 

 churches. In lsi:> th,"- tirst '.\-socialion of this 

 kind was formed in London, and in 1S.M the 

 first one in America was nr^ahi/.ed in lto>ton. 

 The second Association was foi mi d in Mon- 

 treal; the third in Buffalo ; and the fourth in 

 New York city. Tin j;eiieral American \--' > .ition. 

 in its early days, met in aniiuai conli-reiici- ; but 

 latterly has coii\ened once in two M-ars. It w;is at 

 the instance of the American Association that tl e 

 lir.-t International Conference was held in I'aris in 

 IS.Vi. At that conference the " Kvanpdical Tist" 

 was adopted, which limits the active mi mbcp-hip to 

 nieiiilHTs of Kvaiii;eli<al churches. Kxcry ns-ocin- 

 tion admits others ne nesociate numbers, hut liny 

 arc not allowed to vote upon aim nilmentt to tho 

 constitution, or to hold offices. 



The latest rejiorts i hr condition of tho 



organization show that there wen -ocintioim 



in the world at the time whin the tahulnr state- 

 ments were pn pared, of which 1'JIO were in tho 

 I'liited States and Canada, (ireat Ilritain has C.-_M, 

 (ierinany tiT.'i. nnd the rest of Kurope 1171. The 

 n mainiiiL' as-oeiations are M-attind ihroueh Asia, 

 Australasia, South Africa. S( uih America, Mexico, 

 and other countries. The island ol Ceylon hits 1.1. 

 Full statistics of meiiil:i rship. propi rty OH md. nnd 

 like i!i iails are available only in regard to tie 

 Amerii-an associations, but tlic strcii<!lh of the 

 'l'. M. C. A. in the world may he intern d from 

 the fad that in 1SSS the American associations, 

 one-third of the total mimlicr, have 17.~i.Sll nn n- 

 hers. showing nn incrcaRc of about _".!. (Kid or Ki 

 ]>er cent, in one year. These American n-socia- 

 lions have real estate to the value of SC,.7i ; v _>;, n, 

 showin-; nn increase of about SI . ICd.lKiC, or in arly 

 _MI j,er ( eiit. in a \ ear. The total value of the pro- 

 perty owned is just at S7.l!i'd,i'>~S, and there nra 

 pK-ilL-es for hiiildin<r funds to the amount of 

 .rl.:i-'.~.,iHio. In 1SS7 about fl.900.000 wa> tpenl to 



carry on the associations in the I'nitcil Stales :>M! 

 llrit'ish America, or 8-J(Kl,(KMI more thnn in IfH'.. 

 The buildings rrei-ted for the several nssocintinnB 

 in the cities of New York, I'hiladelpliia, Boston, 

 HuOiilo, Cleveland, and Albany are of a most beau- 

 tiful and substantial character/ 



I'rielly stated, the work nccomplishcd hy Iho 

 ai-M'cialions may he piven as follows: 1. They 

 have founded such hit-lorie union prayer meet ii 

 those in Fulton Street. New York, from Is'ii in 

 the present time, and in .laync's Hall. 1'hiladclphia, 

 from 1H.VT to ISlilf. _'. Tboy have acted the part of 

 Howard soeietiis in seasons of iie\ aslntiliL; c]-i- 

 ilemics. I!. During the civil war they or-ianizid 

 and supported the I". S. Christian Cnn-mi-sii n. 

 which followed the armies with beneficent minis- 

 trations to the bodily nnd spiritual wants of ibc 

 soldiers. (See CIII:IS-IIAN COMMISSION.) 4. Tim 

 American associations originated ami M em d 

 Klrinsicnl legislation in the 1'nited Stales for tho 

 suppression of obscene literature, and bepnn the 

 vigorous eflorts still eontinued for the thorough 

 enforcement of this legislation. ?>. They have stimu- 

 lated u taste for the best readine; hy carefully seler li d 

 libraries, ti. They have eneourai:< d the most instruc- 

 tive class of lecture-. 7. They have been Ion most 

 ill evangelistic >-crvices in their home tields :;nd 

 Ihronnhout entire states and provinces. S. In 

 times of Niidden calamity to any c<...-.niunily l,y lire, 

 storm or Mood, they arc ever n :idy as aliii-ni i- "t 

 the bi'iievolciit lo distribute wisely their ci-nl ril-u- 

 tions in aid of snllcrei-s. and in -c or-s of cities and 

 towns dining' the tryiivj season of the ye-ir they 

 evcuru uud ilUcriuiioaUDgljr u.-u funds for thu 



