476 



Nationalization of aliens [437], 444 

 New Hellenism 112-4, r ^4, 275-6 



Official favours and corruption 357, 389-91, 

 403-7, 409, 410-1, 413-4, 421-2, 425 



Old age, state-relief in 80 



Olives and oil 19, 24, 42, 46, 47-8, 81, 84, 

 104, 108, 171-2, 174, 266, 283-4, 303, 

 35, 352, 406, 428, [463] 



Oriental and other foreign influences 6, 7, 

 204-8, 210-1, 314 



Oriental Greeks 113, 153, 271, 379 



Oxen 16, 22, 24, 44, 47, 99, 172, 180, [197], 

 214, 228-9, 231, 243, 249, 253, 261, 

 282, 284, 286, 331, 364, 398, 433-4, 438 



Patrons of villages 212, 400-1, 425 

 Payment in kind, not in debased currency 



211, [359-6o], 384, 388 

 Peasant-farmer, hard life of 25, 35-6, [47], 83, 



90, 213, 222, [234], 235, [313], [418] 

 Peasant-farmer, retirement of 237 

 Penal servitude 326 

 Pigs 372, 388 

 Pitch- works 192 

 Plantation system 162, 165, 201, 203, 239, 



297, 443 

 Ploughing 16, 19, 22-4, 33, 116, [185], 218, 



261, 278, 284, 334 

 Police, rural, no regular force 189, 311, 323, 



372, 448 



Poor freemen, their trials 63, 125, 199, 302 

 Populations, forced transfer of 113 

 Post, Imperial \cursus pnblicus\ 378, 391, 397 

 Poultry 262-3, 39 

 Poverty and discontent 33-4, 38, 41, 66, 70, 



Poverty, dread of, a stimulus 22, 23, 25, 29, 



36, [45], 46, 47-8 



Poverty in Greece 29, 53, 54, 302, 329 

 Poverty no reproach 23, in, [135 foil.], 302 

 Private property in land, growth of 143-4, 



'74-5, 203, 205, 313, 436-8 

 Property, private, forbidden 73, 75 

 Provincial land, tenure of 293, 303, 35 r , [358] 

 Public opinion, no force of, in Roman Empire 



357, 389 



Reaping 16, 22-4, 108-10, 180, 278 



Reaping machine 398 



Reclamation encouraged by temporary ex- 



emption from rent or taxes 337, 344, 



349-50 

 Religion 18, 19, 23, 44-5, 120, 170, 258, 



260, 314, [404], 434, 444, 44 8 

 Remission of dues to relieve distress 390-1 

 Rent, arrears of [161], 209, 256, 298, 320-1, 



365, 404 



Repetitions unavoidable 5 

 Representative government unknown 66, [89] 

 Restoration of exiles, effects of 119, 122, 128 

 Rich and poor 90, 94, 112, 120, 129, 205, 



271, 273, 295, 302, 306, 329, 331-2, 



391, 400, 403-4, 410, 424-5 

 Rights of way, watercourses, etc. 108, [258], 



294-5> 373 



Roads 267, 295, 391, 429 



Roads, public, work on 173, 378, 391 



Roman Empire a machine 381-2, 384, 425, 



[427], 45.1 



Roman Empire, stagnation in 398, 451 

 Roman power of assimilation, failing 270-1, 



338, 340 



Roman subjects prefer Barbarian rule 423-4 

 Rural disputes and affrays 188-91, 315, 372- 



4, [405] 



Self-help, duty of 23 



Sheep 109, 309 



Slavery, Labour, Serfdom, etc. 



Abolitionism, a modern movement 34, 84, 



445 foil. 



Apprenticeship 79 

 Competition of slave labour with free [48], 



[59] 7i, 85, 124, [131], 157, 302, 44 i, 



[443] 



Eunuchs 28, 310 

 Handicraftsmen 16, 18, 23, 25, 28, 35,62, 



68, [73], 88, 144, 184, '[193], 199, 245, 



437-8, 441 

 Handicraftsmen, free, their difficulties 



302 



Harbouring runaways 375, [394], 404 

 Hired labourers not avrovpyol 12, 13 

 Itinerant labourers, jobbing gangs of 14, 



[110], 173, 222, 256, 327, 443 

 Journeyman contrasted with independent 



craftsman 2, 35, [48], 452, 455 

 Labour, attempts to entice it from neigh- 

 bours 394 

 Labour despised 19, 22, 28, 59, 64, 78, 80, 



85, 188, 193, 245, 287, 359, [438], 44 o, 

 442, 444-5, 452 



Labour, division of 12, 15, 99 



Labourer goes with the land 94, [131], 



[21 1], 319-20, [360-1], 368, [393-5] 

 Labourer, status of, often uncertain 3, 33, 



no-i, 117, 128, 193, 218-21,222, 227-8, 



256, 442-3 

 Labour for daily bread 55-6, 58, 62, m, 



[*75], J 99 204, 3 r 3 327, 44i 

 Labour, for self or for another 12-15, 25, 



144, 148, 299, [327], 370, 399, [436], 



438-44, 445, 458 

 Labour glorified 231, 277-80 

 Labour good for the labourer 56, 58, 64, 



277-80, 316-7 

 Labour in discharge of debt, 161, 180, 182, 



263, 437 

 Labour not degrading 16, 19, 23, [64], in, 



149, 246, 277-9 

 Labour, personal, of working farmer (see 



atrovpyla) 23-4, 25, 30, 36, 44, 45, 58, 



86, 123, 128, 136, 148-9, [165], 1 80, 

 [184], 197, 208, 213-4, [216], 226, 

 230-1, 234, [243], [255], 283, 304, [325], 

 332, 345, 347, 353, [37i] 395, 439 foll -> 

 [463] 



Labour question fundamental 211-2, 237, 

 239-40, 268, 287, [344], 39 4 foll.,458 



Labour, rustic, as a punishment 124-5, 

 145-6, [167], 248, 444 



