STARTING OF SINGLE-PHASE MOTORS 235 



phase difference maybe obtained (1) by connecting the starting wind- 

 ing in series with an external reactance coil or condenser (both 

 methods having been used in practice) ; (2) by arranging the starting 

 winding so that the magnetic leakage corresponding to it is much 

 greater than that corresponding to the running winding a method 

 very successfully employed by Heyland, and not involving the use 

 of any reactance coils or condensers external to the motor ; (3) by 

 using a rotor provided with a winding resembling that of an ordinary 

 continuous-current machine, and having a commutator and brushes, 

 by means of which the motor may be started as a " repulsion " motor; 

 commutator motors of this type are considered in Chapter XVII. 



