AGRICULTURE. 



tins character are most to be distinguish- 

 i-il. Thc\ will yield large crops ofbeans 

 and wheat, but the sight of these should 

 'DC blended with the consideration 

 of the immense expense al which they 

 are necessarily raised. There are many 

 variations of peat, bog, and fen, and all 

 may be found exceedingly profitable ; and 

 if marl or lime be in the neighbourhood, 

 that circumstance is a most important 

 inducement to undertake the manage- 

 ment of them. 



With regard to grass lands, they are to 

 be best examined at several seasons, in 

 order to ascertain their character. If 

 they be. too wet, this is shewn by walking 

 over them in winter, and by rushes, flags, 

 and moisture, which, in a greater or less 

 degree, are always observable upon them. 

 The grass is generally blue at the points, 

 and always coarse. Draining may correct 

 stiff' loams, but the stift' tenacious clay is 

 scarcely susceptibleofcure. Grass, on gra- 

 velley soils, will inevitably burn in hot sum- 

 mers, but will extremely abound on loams 

 in wet ones. On the banks ofbrooks 

 and rivers, meadow of almost any soil 

 may be considered good, but the circum- 

 stance of their liability to summer inun- 

 dations ought never to be forgotten. 



The herbage on many fields is some- 

 times composed of weeds and the coar- 

 sest and worst of grasses, which are at 

 all times discernible, and indeed glaring. 

 I'ndera prohibition of arable, which is 

 sometimes and notunfrequently the case, 

 lii Ids of this description are worth little 

 or nothing. A river, well restrained with- 

 in its banks, running through a farm, is a 

 circumstance decidedly favourable. The 

 ' uuls ma\ thus be presumed to have 

 water for the accommodation of cattle- 

 The quantity as well as the nature of 

 I, is likewise to be considered, ami 

 no larger quantity should be occupied 

 than can conveniently be stocked. The 

 bad management, and the perpetual em- 

 --inent occurring in the contrary 

 situation, are often ruinous to the health 

 and to the fortunes of those who arein- 



:init. 



The disjoined situation of the various 

 IK Ids (jf a farm is a circumsu.: 



I with great vexation and expense. 

 Compactm - - will aluax.snn- 



der them tar more valuable; and oppor- 

 tunities of producing this comp.. 

 by purchasing at. a fair valuation, will 

 never be neglected by vigilant an 

 thy landlo- 



To estimate the rent correctly, it has 

 y recommended to con- 



nect it with tithes and poor rates. What- 

 ever sum be intended to be invested in 

 the farm, its interest may be fairly calcu- 

 lated at not less than ten per cent. A \ a 

 Ination of the expense and the produce 

 should, for the next step, be carefully 

 made : and, after the former is deducted 

 from the latter, what remains will be the 

 sum which can be allowed for the de- 

 mand of rent, in the three different forms 

 above mentioned. If the amount of tithes 

 and rates be deducted from this, what re- 

 mains will be the sum which the occupier 

 can afford to pay the landlord. 



The nature of the covenants required, 

 which are sometimes only absurd, and 

 therefore admissible without difficulty, 

 but sometimes equally absurd and mis- 

 el levious, ought ever to be considered in 

 connection not only with general but lo- 

 cal and peculiar circumstances. The un- 

 iLa.sonableness of the conditions propos- 

 sed will sometimes be a valid objection 

 to that occupancy, which rent and situa- 

 tion, and all other circumstances, might 

 render highly eligible, and compensation 

 in diminished rent will be necessary to 

 indemnify for tyingdownthe farmer from 

 modes of cultivation uninjurious to the 

 land, and inexpressibly the most benefi- 

 cial to the occupier. 



From three to five pounds per acre 

 was, about forty years since, considered 

 adequate to the stocking of any farm, 

 partly grass and partly tillage, of the 

 average fertility. The increase of rents 

 and of rates, the liigher composition for 

 tithes, the advance upon all implements 

 of husbandry, and upon every species of 

 sheep and cattle, may be justly consi- 

 dered as having raised the sum necessa- 

 ry for the above purpose to seven or 

 eight pounds. To form calculations up- 

 on this subject as accurately as possible, 

 and ascertain that the requisite capital i- 

 possessed, for the due management ot 

 the land to be occupied, cannot be too 

 emphatically insisted upon. The profit 

 attending an increased expense in stock 

 ing will, in some cases, more than double 

 thcratioofprofit before that incn > 

 if the farmer be incapable of availing him 

 self of striking opportunities for improve- 

 ment, by the purchase of litter or of ma- 

 nure, and indeed by a variety of circum- 

 stances which may easily !'. 

 for want of capital, his situation must be 

 highly disadvantageous. 



The choii a point re 



quiring extreme attention. AN here th< 

 ice of a bailiff is required, as in 

 all farms of very considerable ex- 



