ALL 



ALL 



common time. Sometimes in conjunction 

 with another word, placed at the begin- 

 ning of compositions, it is intended to 

 rouse and stimulate the more violent pas- 

 sions. 



ALLKMANDK, in music, a slow air or 

 melody in common time, of four crotchets 

 in a bar. A species of composition, sup- 

 posed from its name to be of German ori- 

 gin. It is found in Handel's harpsichord 

 ij and other works of about that 

 ut as u sonata movement it is now 

 obsolete. The dance known by this name 

 is still used in Germany ana Switzerland, 

 and is written in common time of t\vo 

 crotchets in a bar. 



ALLEN, (THOMAS,) a celebrated ma- 

 thematician of the 16th century. He was 

 born at Uttoxeterin Staffordshire, in 1542; 

 was admitted a scholar of TriniU Col- 

 lege, Oxford, in 1561 ; where he took his 

 degree of master of arts in 1567. In 1570 

 he quitted his college and fellowship, and 

 retired to Gloucester Hall, where he stu- 

 died very closely, and became famous for 

 his knowledge in antiquities, philosophy, 

 and mathematics. He received an invita- 

 tion from Henry, Earl of Northumberland, 

 a great friend and patron of the mathe- 

 maticians, and he spent some time at the 

 Earl's house, where he became acquaint- 

 ed with those celebrated mathematicians, 

 Thomas Harriot, John Dee, Walter War- 

 ner, and Nathaniel Torporley. Robert, 

 Earl of Leicester, too, had a great i 

 for Allen, and would have conferred a 

 bishopric upon him ; but his love for soli- 

 tude and retirement made him decline the 

 offer. His great skill in the mathematics, 

 gave occasion to the ignorant and vulgar 

 to look upon him as a magician or conju- 

 rer. Allen was very curious and indefati- 

 gable in collecting scattered manuscripts 

 relating to history, antiquity, astronomy, 

 philosophy, and mathematics ; which col- 

 lections have been quoted by several 

 learned authors, and mentioned" as in the 

 Hibliotheca AlleniaiKi. He publish' ,1 in 

 Latin the second and third books of Pto- 

 leim, " Concerning the Judgment of the 

 "or, as it is usually called, of the 

 quadripartite construction, with ai> 

 sition. He wrote also notes on many -if 

 Lilly's books, and some on John Male's 

 work, "l)e Seriptoribns Mag Mrittan- 

 lle died at Gloucester Hall 



ars of age . 



Hurton, the author of his funeral 

 oration, calls him " the very soul and sun 

 of all the mathematicians of hi.- 

 And Selden mentions him as a person of 

 the most e\u-iis;\i- learning and consum- 

 mate judgment, the brightest ornament of 



VOL. I. 



the University of Oxford. Also C 



says, he was skilled in most of th 

 arts and sciences. A. Wood has also 

 transcribed part of his character from a 

 manuscript in the library of Trinity Col- 

 D these words : " He studied polite 

 literature with great application ; : 

 strictly tenacious of academic discipline, 

 always highly esteemed both by foreign- 

 ers and those of the uni : by all 



of the highest .stations of the church or 

 England, and the University of Oxford. 

 He was a sagacious observer, an agreea- 

 ble companion," &c. 



ALLIGATION, in arithmetic, is the 

 rule of mixture, which teaches to com- 

 pound several species of ingredients or 

 commodities together, according to any 

 intent or design proposed; and is either 

 medial or alternate. 



ALLIGATIOX, medial, shews the rate or 

 price of any mixtures, when the - 

 quantities of the mixture, and their rates, 

 are known. 



Kule : multiply each quantity given by 

 the price ; and then, by direct proportion, 

 say, as the sum of the quantities given to 

 the sum of the products ; so is any part 

 of the mixture to the value of that part. 

 Example : a goldsmith melts 3 ounces of 

 gold, at4/. 6*. 8d. per ounce, with twelve 

 ounces at 41. per ounce ; and 8 ounces 

 at 4 5s. per ounce : when they are all 

 melted together, one ounce will be found 

 to be worth 4/. 2s. ^d. Thus, 



oz. I. s. d. I. 



23 Sum 



34 



Sum 95 



oz. /. s. d. 



Then as 23 : 95 : : 1 : 4 2 7^ Ans. 



ALLIGATIOV, alternate, teaches to mix 

 goods, of different prices, in such propor- 

 tion, that the mixture may be sold for any 

 price proposed. 



Rule: letdown the names of the things 

 to lie mixed, togeiln-r wi'h their : 

 then, finding the difference 1> 

 of these, and the prop "f the 



mixture, place tli' -\ an al- 



ternate order, and they will show the pro- 

 portion of the in; 



IONIA, in botany, so called in lio- 

 notir of Charles Allioni, professorofbota- 



andria 



Monop .md order, of the natural 



ordej of Aggregatz ; the calyx is a peri- 

 ant hium common to three flowers ; and 

 the perianthium proper is obsolete supe- 

 Q 



