ANATOMY. 



bleeding naturally stops of itself; and a 

 great loss of blood, from any cause, is in 

 some measure compensated by a contract- 

 ing power in the vascular system, which 

 accommodates the capacity of the vessels 

 to the quantity contained. The stomach 

 gives information when the supplies have 

 been expended, represents with great ex- 

 actness the quantity and quality of what 

 is wanted in the present state of the ma- 

 chine, and in proportion as she meets with 

 neglect, rises in her demand, urges her 

 petition in a louder voice, and with more 

 forcible arguments. For its protection, an 

 animal body resists heat and cold in a very 

 \vonderful manner, and preserves an equal 

 temperature in a burning and in a free- 

 zing atmosphere. . 



There is a farther excellence or su- 

 periority in the natural machine, if possi- 

 ble, still more astonishing, more beyond 

 all human comprehension, than what we 

 have been speaking of. Besides those 

 internal powers of self-preservation in 

 each individiiid, when two of them co- 

 operate, or act in concert, they are en- 

 dued with powers of making other ani- 

 mals or machines like themselves, which 

 again are possessed of the same powers of 

 producing others, and so of multiplying 

 the species without end. These are pow- 

 ers which mock all human invention or 

 imitation, they are characteristics of the 

 Divine Architect. 



As the body is a compound of solids and 

 fluids, anatomy is divided into, 



1. The anatomy of the solids, and 



2. The anatomy of the fluids. 



The solids of the human body consist 

 of, 



1. Bones, which give support to the 

 other parts of the body; 



2. Cartilages, or gristles, which are 

 much softer than the bones, and also flexi- 

 ble and elastic ; 



3. Ligaments, which are more flexible 

 still, and connect the ends of the bones to 

 each other; 



4. Membranes, or planes of minutely 

 interwoven and condensed cellular sub- 

 stance ; 



5. Cellular substance, which is formed 

 of fibres and plates of animal matter more 

 loosely connected, and which forms the 

 general uniting medium of all the struc- 

 tures of the body ; 



6. Fat, or adipous substance, an animal 

 oil contained in the cells of the cellular 

 membrane; 



7. Muscles, which are bundles of fibres, 

 endued with a power of contraction ; in 

 popular language they form the flesh of 

 an animal ; 



8. Tendons, hard inelastic cords, which 

 connect the muscles or moving powers to 

 the bones or instruments of motion ; 



9. Viscera, which are various parts, 

 adapted for different purposes in the ani- 

 mal economy, and contained in the cavi- 

 ties of the body, as the head, chest, abdo- 

 men, and pelvis; 



10. Glands, organs which secrete or se- 

 parate various fluids from the blood; 



1 1 . Vessels, which are membranous ca- 

 nals, dividing into branches, and transmit- 

 ting blood and other fluids ; 



12. Cerebral substance, or that which 

 composes the brain and spinal marrow, 

 which is a peculiar soft kind of animal 

 matter : 



13. Nerves, which are bundles of white 

 fibrous cords, connected by one end to 

 the brain, or spinal marrow, and thence 

 expanded over every part of the body, in 

 order to receive impressions from exter- 

 nal objects, or to convey the commands of 

 the will, and thereby produce muscular 

 motion. 



The fluids of the human body are, 



1. Blood, which circulates through the 

 Vessels, and nourishes the whole fabric . 



2. Persipirable matter, excreted by the 

 vessels of the skin; 



3. Sebaceous matter, by the glands ot 

 the skin ; 



4. Urine, by the kidneys ; 



5 Ceruminous matter, secreted by the 

 glands of the external ear ; 



6. Tears, by the lachrymal glands ; 



7. Saliva, by the salivary glands; 



8. Mucus, by glands in various parts of 

 the body, and by various membranes ; 



9. Serous fluid, by membranes lining 

 circumscribed cavities ; 



10. Pancreatic juice, by the pancreas ; 



11. Bile, by the liver; 



12. Gastric juice, by the stomach; 



13. Oil, by the vessels of the adipose 

 membrane ; 



14. Synovia, by the internal surfaces of 

 the joints, for the purpose of lubricating 

 them; 



15. Seminal fluids, by the testes ; 



16. Milk, by the mammary glands. 

 The account of these animal fluids will 



be found chiefly under the article PHISIO- 



LOCY. 



The anatomical deecription of the body 

 is technically arranged under the following 

 heads : 



1. Osteology, or the. description of the 

 structure, shape, and uses of the bones. 



2. Syndcsmology, or a description of the 

 connection of bones by ligaments, and of 

 the structure of the joints. 



