ANATOMY. 



posit them from their open mduths, so as 

 r>y this means to build up and keep in re- 

 pair the structure of the body. 



nitfrHiittion of the arteries. The great 

 artery, whose branches supply the whole 

 of the body, is named the aorta. It arises 

 from the upper part of the left ventricle ; 

 and emerges from the heart, between the 

 pulmonary artery and the right auricle. 

 It first ascends in the chest ; opposite the 

 upper edge of the second rib it bends 

 backwards till it reaches the left side of 

 the spine, in which situation it descends 

 from the fourth or fifth dorsal to the last 

 lumbar vertebra. 



By the arch of the aorta is meant that 

 part of the vessel which arises from the 

 heart, and bends across the chest. It 

 sends oft' the following branches : the two 

 first arising at right angles close to the 

 heart ; the three following from the con- 

 vexity of the arch : 



1. Right coronary artery of the heart. 



2. Left coronary artery of the heart. 



3. Arteria innominata, a common trunk, 

 dividing into 



1. Right subclavian. 



2. Right common carotid. 



3. } Left common carotid. 

 4. 3 Left subclavian. 



The common carotid artery is destined 

 for the supply of the head. It emerges 

 from the chest by the side of the trachea : 

 mounts upwards in front of the vertebra, 

 and parallel with the trachea, till it reach- 

 es the upper margin of the thyroid carti- 

 lage, without sending off' a single branch. 

 At this part it divides into the external 

 and internal carotid arteries, the former 

 of which is distributed to the outside of 

 the head ; the latter to the brain. 



The external carotid continues its 

 course upwards between the jaw and the 

 ear, being imbedded in the substance of 

 the parotid gland. 



Branches of the external carotid artery. 



1. Superior thyroideal. 



u. Laryngeal branch. 



2. Lingual artery. 



a. Hyoideal branch. 



b. Artery to the back of the tongue. 



c. Raminal artery. 



3. Facial or labial, or external maxil- 

 lary. 



a. Ascending palatine branch. 



b. Arteries to the surrounding 



glands. 



c. Inferior labial artery. 



d. Coronary artery of the lower lip. 

 e Coronary artery oft.be upper lip. 



f. Nasal arteries, 



4. Ascending pharyngeal artery. 



5. Occipital artery. 



6. Posterior artery of the ear. 

 7 Superficial temporal artery. 



a. Branches to the parotid gland. 



b. Anterior auricular arteries. 



c. Transverse artery of the face. 



d. Middle temporal artery. 



e. Anterior temporal branch. 



f. Posterior temporal branch. 

 8. Internal maxillary artery. 



a. Middle artery of the dura ma- 



ter, or spinous artery. 



b. Inferior maxillary artery. 



c. Pterygoid branches. 



d. Deep temporal branches. 



e. Artery of the cheek. 



f. Alveolar artery of the upper jaw. 

 _. Infra-orbital artery. 



h. Superior palatine branch. 

 i. Nasal branch. 



The internal carotid artery enters into 

 the skull, through the canal formed in the 

 substance of the temporal bone. And its 

 brandies ramify through the substance of 

 the brain. All the arteries of the brai 

 have thinner coats than these vessels pos- 

 sess in any other part of the body. 



Branches of the internal carotid artery. 



1. Ophthalmic artery, supplying all the 

 parts contained in the orbit 



a. Lacrymal branch. 



b. Ethmoidal arteries. 



c. Superior and inferior muscular 



branches. 



d. Central artery of the retina. 



e. C iliary arteries. 



/. Superior and inferior palpebral 

 branches. 



g. Nasal artery. 

 h. Frontal artery. 



2. Communicating branch. 



3. Anterior artery of the brain. 



4. Middle artery of the brain. 



The subclavian artery passes over the 

 first rib, and behind the clavicle, into the 

 cavity of the axilla. There it takes the 

 name of axillary, and is covered by the 

 pectoral muscles. Emerging from the 

 armpit, its name is again changed for that 

 of bracMal. This part of the trunk runs 

 along the inside of the arm, close to the 

 edge of the biceps muscle, until it reach- 

 es the elbow joint, where it divides int 

 the branches that belong to the fore arm 



Branches of the subclavian artery. 

 1. Internal mammarv, 





