ANATOMY. 



Several very minute converging 1 tubes are 

 seen running 1 through the urinif erous por- 

 tion, and terminating by open mouths on 

 their conical points ; these, which can be 

 filled with minute injection from the ar- 

 teries, and the open mouths of which can 

 be seen with the aid of a small magnify- 

 ing power, are the excretory tubes, or 

 tubuli uriniferi, of the kidney. The urhii- 

 ferous portion of the gland forms about 

 fifteen conical projections, termed papil- 

 lae ; on each side of which the excretory 

 tubes open in great numbers. The pa- 

 pilla: project into short membranous ca- 

 nals, called infundibula ; and these ter- 

 minate in a common receptacle, situated 

 at the notch of the kidney, and known by 

 the name of the pelvis. From this, a ca- 

 nal about equal in size to a writing quill, 

 the ureter, conveys the secreted fluid into 

 the bladder. 



The bladder is a membranous and mus- 

 cular reservoir, receiving the urine as it 

 is found in the kidnies, retaining it until 

 it has accumulated in some quantity, and 

 then expelling it through a canal called 

 the urethra. 



The internal surface of the bladder is 

 formed by a smooth membrane, constant- 

 ly covered with a mucous secretion, which 

 defends it from the irritating effects of the 

 contained fluid. It has a muscular coat, 

 sometimes described as a muscle, under 

 the name of detrusor urinae ; and that 

 part of the fibres, which is situated round 

 the opening of the urethra, is called the 

 sphincter vesicse, as it keeps the aperture 

 constantly closed, until we make an effort 

 for the expulsion of the contained fluid. 

 The ureters open into the lower part of 

 the bladder ; and open in such a manner, 

 that, although the urine flows readily from 

 them into the receptacle, none can return. 

 They pass between the muscular and in- 

 ternal tunics, before they penetrate the 

 ktter. 



The bladder is situated just behind the 

 ossa pubis ; and is partly covered by the 

 peritoneum. The urethra proceeds from 

 its lower and anterior surface, and this 

 part is called the neck of the bladder ; it 

 then goes under the arch of the pubis. 

 It forms in the female a canal about an 

 inch and a half, or two inches long, which 

 opens in the cavity left between the labia 

 pudendi. In the male it is about nine in- 

 ches in length, and runs along the under 

 part of the penis to the extremity of that 

 organ, where it opens. 



ORGANS OF GENERATION. 



The parts which the two sexes per- 



form, in the important business of pro- 

 pagating the species, are so entirely dif- 

 ferent, that we shall not be surprised at 

 finding that the male and female organs 

 of generation are wholly dissimilar to each 

 other. 



The germs or rudiments of the future 

 beings are produced by the female, in or- 

 gans called the ovaria. But these remain 

 inert and useless, unless called into ac- 

 tion by the fecundating influence of the 

 male. The fecundating fluid is prepared 

 in two glands, called the testes. When 

 the germ has been acted on by this fluid, 

 it passes through a canal called the fallo- 

 pian tube, into the uterus, where it is re- 

 tained until it has acquired a considerable 

 magnitude ; and from which it is expell- 

 ed at the end of nine months. The se- 

 minal liquor of the male is poured into 

 the urethra, and is introduced by means 

 of the penis into a membranous cavity of 

 the female, called the vagina. 



External parts of generation in the fe- 

 male. Over the surface of the pubis, 

 there is a greater accumulation of fat and 

 cellular substance than in the male ; and 

 the prominence caused- by this structure 

 is called mons veneris. A longitudinal 

 cavity extends from this eminence in 

 front to the anus behind ; and the sides 

 of it are bounded by two folds of the skin, 

 called labia pudendi, or alse majores. 

 The whole of these parts taken together 

 constitute the pudendum, or sinus pudo- 

 ris. The mons veneris, and the outer 

 surface of the labia, are covered with ban- 

 to a greater or less extent. 



The parts contained within this longi- 

 tudinal cavity are covered by a more de- 

 licate kind of integuments, than that 

 which composes the general surface of 

 the body. A change takes place in the 

 organization of the skin, somewhat simi- 

 lar to that which is observed at the lips. 

 Hence the surface of the parts contained 

 within the labia lias a red, smooth, and 

 soft covering ; which is besmeared with 

 a cebaceous secretion of peculiar odour, 

 furnished by numerous small glands, lying 

 just under the surface. This unctuous 

 matter is required in order to defend the 

 parts from the urine ; and also to obviate 

 the effects of that rubbing on each other, 

 which must be occasioned by the motions 

 of the body. 



Towards the upper part of the longi- 

 tudinal slit, left between the labia, a 

 small prominent organ is discerned, call- 

 ed the clitoris. This exactly resembles 

 the male penis in structure. It only pro- 

 jects, however, about a quarter of an 



