ANA 



ANA 



lo. Lesser omentum. 

 14. Gall-bladder. 



Fig. 2. Gall-bladder and biUary ducts, 0nd 

 pancreas. 



K. Hepatic duct, formed by various 

 branches coming from the liver. 



L. Cystic duct. 



I. Gall-bladder. 



N. Ductus communis. 



P. Pancreas with its duct. 



Q. A portion of the intestines, with a 

 longitudinal slit, the opening of the united 

 ducts. 



A \\XAGOR AS, in biography, a cele- 

 brated philosopher among the ancients. 

 He was born in Ionia about the 70th olym- 

 piad, became the disciple of Anaximenes, 

 and was afterwards a lecturer himself at 

 Athens. In this city he was cruelly per- 

 secuted, and at length banished. He 

 went to Lampsacus, where he was greatly 

 honoured duringhis life, andstill more re- 

 spected after his death. Statues have 

 been erected to his memory. 



Anaxagoras was a mathematician, and 

 wrote, during his imprisonment at Athens, 

 upon the quadrature of the circle. As a 

 philosopher, he introduced some impor- 

 tant innovations, as they were then called, 

 but which redound much to his honour : 

 he maintained, in opposition to the com- 

 mon systems of a plurality of Gods, that an 

 infinite mind is the author of all motion and 

 life. Plato asserts, that Anaxagoras taught 

 that "mind was the cause of the world, 

 and of all order," and that, "while all 

 things else are compounded, this alone is 

 pure and unmixed:" he ascribes to this 

 principle two powers, -viz. to know, and to 

 move. Testimonies to this purpose in fa- 

 vour of Anaxagoras are numerous ; Plu- 

 tarch, speaking of the Ionian philosophers 

 who flourished before this great man, 

 says, that they made fortune, or blind ne- 

 cessity, the first principle in nature ; but 

 Anaxagoras affirmed, that a pure mind go- 

 verns the universe. By Diogenes Laerti- 

 us he is represented as the first person, 

 " who superadded mind to matter." He 

 died in the year 428 before Christ, and 

 throughout his life he supported the cha- 

 racter of a true philosopher. Superior to 

 the motives of avarice and ambition, he 

 resigned in early life a patrimony, that 

 would have secured him distinction and 

 independence, in order that he might 

 give himself up wholly to the pursuits of 

 science, and in the midst of the vicissi- 

 tudes of fortune preserved an equal mind. 

 Being asked, just before his death, whe- 

 ther he wished to be carried for interment 



to his native city, he replied, "it is unne- 

 cessary: the way to there gionsbelow isev- 

 ery where alike open :" and in answerto a 

 message sent him at the same time by the 

 senate of Lampsacus, requesting to be in- 

 formedin what manner they might honour 

 his memory after his decease, he said, 

 "By ordaining the day of my death to be 

 annually kept as a holiday in all the schools 

 of Lampsacus." This request was com- 

 plied with, and a festival called Anaxago- 

 ria was instituted on the occasion. 



ANAXIMANDER, in biography, a very 

 celebrated Greek philosopher, was born 

 at Miletus on the 42d olympiad; for, ac 

 cording to Apollodorus, he was 64 years 

 of age in the second year of the 58th olym- 

 piad. He was one of the first who pub- 

 licly taught philosophy, and wrote upon 

 philosophical subjects. He was the kins- 

 man, companion, and disciple of Thales. 

 He wrote also upon the sphere and geo- 

 metry, and framed a connected series of 

 geometrical truths : he also wrote a sum- 

 mary of his doctrine, and carried his re- 

 searches into nature very far, for the time 

 in which he lived. It is said that he dis- 

 covered the obliquity of the zodiac ; that 

 he first published a geographical table ; 

 that he invented the gnomon, and set up 

 the first sun-dial in an open place at Lace- 

 daemon. He is said to have been tho 

 first who delineated the surface of the 

 earth, and marked the divisions of land 

 and water upon an artificial globe. He 

 taught, that an infinity of things was the 

 principal and universal element; that this 

 infinite always preserved its unity, but that 

 its paits underwent changes; that all 

 things came from it ; and that all were 

 about to return to it. He held that the 

 worlds are infinite ; that the stars are 

 composed of air and fire, which are car- 

 ried about in their spheres, and that these 

 spheres are gods ; that the sun has the 

 highest place in the heavens, the moon 

 the next, and the planets and fixed stars 

 the lowest; that the earth is a globe, 

 placed in the middle of the universe, and 

 remains in its place, and that the sun is 

 28 times larger than the earth. 



ANCHOR, in maritime affairs, an ex- 

 tremely useful instrument, serving to re- 

 tain a ship or boat in its place. 



It is a very large and heavy iron instru- 

 ment, with a double hook at one end, and 

 a ring at the other, by which it is fastened 

 to a cable. 



It is cast into the bottom of the sea, or 

 rivers, where, taking its hold, it keeps 

 ships from being drawn awaybytlie wind, 

 tide, or currents. 



The parts of an anchor are : 1. The 



