ANI 



ANN 



munication of it by contact from one to 

 another is easily conceived, as also the 

 reason oft lie cure being effected by cuta- 

 neous Applications. In the Philosophical 

 irtions, vol. lix., is a curious account 

 of the animalcules produced from an in- 

 fusion of potatoes, and another of liemp- 

 sccd, by the late Mr. Kills. "On the 2.5th 

 of Ma\, irfiK, Fahrenheit's thermometer 

 70, 1 boiled a potatoe in the New River 

 till it was reduced to a mealy con- 

 sistence. 1 put part of it, with an equal 

 proportion of the boiling- liquor, into a cy- 

 lindricnl glass vessel, that held something 

 less than half a wine-pint, and covered it 

 close immediately with a glass cover. At 

 the same time I sliced an unboiled pota- 

 toe, and, as near as I could judge, put 

 the same quantity into a glass vessel of 

 the same kitnl. wi'h the same proportion 

 of New Klver water not boiled, and co- 

 vered with a glass cover, and placed both 

 vessels close to each other." " On the 

 26th of May, 24 hours afterwards, [ e\a- 

 mined a small drop of each by the first 

 magnifier of Wilson's microscope, whose 

 focal distance is reckoned at l-50th part 

 of an inch ; and, to my amazement, they 

 were both full of animalcula, of a linear 

 shape, very distinguishable, moving to 

 and fro with great celerity, so that there 

 appeared to be more particles of animal 

 thn vegetable life in each drop." " This 

 experiment I have repeatedly tried, and 

 always found it to succeed in proportion 

 to the heat of the circumambient air ; so 

 that even in winter, if the liquors are kept 

 properly warm, at least in two or three 

 days the experiment will succeed." "I 

 procured hemp-seed from different seeds- 

 men in different parts of the town. Some 

 of it I put into the New River water, some 

 into distilled water, and some into very 

 hard pump-water. The result was, that 

 in ^Abortion to the heat of the weather, 

 or warmth in which they were kept, there 

 was an appearance of millions 01 minute 

 animalcula in all the infusions; and, some 

 time after, oval ones made their appear- 

 ance. These were much larger than the 

 first, which still continued : these wrig- 

 gled to and fro in an undulatory motion, 

 turning themselves round very quick all 

 the time thc\ moved forwards. 



AN1ME, a resin obtained from the Iiy- 

 menjca courbaril, or locust tree, which "is 

 a uathc of North-America. It re -. 

 eopal very much in its appearance, but is 

 readily soluble in alcohol, which copal is 

 not. It is used as a varnish. Alcohol dis- 

 solves it completely; and di-;iillcii 



VOI !. 



it acquires both the smell and taste of 

 anime. 



A\\ \l />, in mailers of literature, a 

 species of history, \\hich relates events in 

 the chronological order wherein ilu-\ hap- 

 pened. They differ from perfect history 

 in this, that annals are a bare relation of 

 what passes every year, as a journal is of 

 what passes every 'day; whereas history 

 relates not only the transactions them- 

 selves, hut also the causes, motives, and 

 springs of actions. Annals require no- 

 thing but brevity, history demands orna- 

 ment. Cicero informs us of the origin of 

 annals : to preserve the memory of events, 

 the pontifex maximus, says he, wrote what 

 passed each year, and exposed it on tab- 

 lets in his own house, where every one 

 was at liberty to read: this they called 

 annales maxinri ,- and hence the writers 

 who imitated this simple method of narra- 

 ting facts were called annalists. 



ANNATES, among ecclesiastical wri- 

 ters, a year's income of a spiritual living. 

 These were, in ancient times, given to the 

 pope throughout all Christendom, upon 

 the decease of any bishop, abbot, or pa- 

 rish-clerk, and were paid by his successor. 

 In England, the pope claimed them first 

 of such foreigners as he conferred bene- 

 fices upon, by way of provision ; but after- 

 wards they were demanded of all other 

 clerks, on their admission to benefices. At 

 the reformation they were taken from the 

 pope, and vested in the king; and. finally, 

 queen Anne restored them to the church, 

 by appropriating them to the augmenta- 

 tion of poor livings. 



ANNEALING, or NEALIV(;, the burn- 

 ing or baking glass, earthen-ware, &c. in 

 an oven or furnace. See GLASS. 



ANNOTATION, in matters of litera- 

 ture, a brief commentary, or remark upon 

 a book or writing, in order to clear up 

 some passage, or draw some conclusion 

 from it : thus the critics of the last age 

 have made learned annotations upon all 

 the classics. 



ANNOTTO, in commerce, a kind of 

 red dye, brought from the West-Indies. 

 This is otherwise denominated arnatto. 

 It is procured from the pulp of the seed 

 capsules of a shrub called uchiotte and 

 unicu ; the bixa orellana of Linnxus, 

 which grows seven oreight feet high, and 

 produces oblong hairy pods, some what re- 

 sembling those of a chesnut. Within <. -ach 

 of these are thirty or forty irregularly 

 figured seeds, which are enveloped in a 

 pulp of a bright red colour and unpleasant 

 smell. soi;ie\vh.it rescinding tlu; paint 



II h 



