ANN 



ANN 



called red lead when mixed up with oil ; 

 and it was used as paint by some of the 

 Indians, in the same manner as \voad was 

 used by the ancient Britons. The seeds, 

 together with the red tough matter that 

 surrounds them, are softened in a wooden 

 trough with water, until, by a kind offer- 

 mentation, which spreads a very nauseous 

 smell, and by diligent stirring and pound- 

 ing, the kernels are separated from the 

 pulp. This mass is then strained through 

 a sc-ive, and boiled ; and upon which a 

 thick reddish scum, which is the pigment, 

 separates. When skimmed off, it is care- 

 fully inspissated in another kettle ; and 

 after being repeatedly cool, is moulded 

 in roundish lumps, wrapt round with 

 leaves of trees, and packed for sale. It 

 seems to partake of the nature of vegeta- 

 ble albuminous matter. The method of 

 extracting the pulp, and preparing it for 

 market, is simply by boiling the seeds in 

 clear water, till they are perfectly extri- 

 cated ; after which the seeds are taken 

 out, and the water left undisturbed for the 

 pulp to subside. It is then drained off, 

 and the sediment distributed into shallow 

 vessels, and dried generally in the shade. 

 The annotto is now only prepared by the 

 Spaniards. The English had formerly a 

 manufacture at St. Angelo, now ruined. 

 This drug is preferred by the dyers to 

 indigo, and sold one-fourth dearer. The 

 double Gloucester cheese is coloured with 

 this dye, not with man golds. Some of 

 the Dutch farmers use it to give a rich 

 colour to their butter, and great quantities 

 are said to be applied to the same purpose 

 in the English dairies. The poor people 

 use it instead of saffron ; and it is some- 

 times mixed as an ingredient in chocolate, 

 during the grinding of the cocoa, in the 

 quantity of about two drams to the pound, 

 in order to give it a reddish colour; but the 

 opinion of its being an earth has brought 

 it into disrepute, and this use of it has 

 been discontinued. To water it gives on- 

 ly a pale brownish yellow colour, and is 

 not soluble in that liquid, nor in spirit of 

 wine ; but, in order to be fit for dyeing, 

 it requires an alkaline menstruum,to which 

 it gives a bright orange colour; and hence 

 it is useful as an ingredient in varnishes 

 and lacquers, and in dying wax of a ver- 

 million colour. Wool and silk, boiled in 

 a solution of it by alkaline salts in water, 

 acquire a deep, but not a durable orange 

 dye ; for though it is not changed by alum 

 or acids, it is discharged by soaps, and de- 

 stroyed by exposure to the air. It is said 

 to be an antidote to the poisonous juice of 

 manihot, or cassada. The liquid, sold un- 



der tlie name of " Scott's nankeen dye," 

 seems to be nothing but annotto dissolved 

 in alkaline ley. 



ANNOYANCE, in law, any injury done 

 to a public place, as a high-way, bridge, 

 or common river ; or to a private way, as 

 laying any thing that may breed infection, 

 by encroaching, &c. 



ANNUAL plants, generally called an- 

 nuals, in gardeiihig, signify such plants as 

 are of one year's duration, or which con- 

 tinue for a few months only. Plants that 

 rise from seed sown in the spring arrive 

 at maturity in the summer or autumn fol- 

 lowing, producing flowers and ripe seed, 

 and which afterwards perish in their tops 

 and roots, are commonly regarded as an- 

 nuals. The plants of this tribe are very 

 numerous, as most of those of the herba- 

 ceous kinds, consisting of uncultivated 

 plants, weeds, &c. and also a great number 

 of cultivated garden and field plants, both 

 of the esculent and flowery ornamental 

 kinds, are ofthisdescription. Thelastsort 

 are often termed simply annuals. These 

 are divided into the hardy and tender 

 kinds; the former are sown in places where 

 they are designed to remain without trans- 

 planting, but the latter are usually sown 

 in hot-beds, in order to be transplanted in 

 the spring, either into pots or borders. 



ANNUITIES, any income of a certain 

 yearly amount, payable at particular peri- 

 ods, \\liich may be either yearly, half- 

 yearly, quarterly, monthly, weekly, or at 

 any other intervals. They are usually dis- 

 tinguished into annuities certain, and con- 

 tingent annuities, or such as are for an un- 

 certain period, being determinable by 

 some future event, such as the failure of 

 a life or lives. 



The present value of an annuity is that 

 sum, which, if improved at compound in- 

 terest, would be sufficient to pay the an- 

 nuity ; the present value of an annuity 

 certain, payable yearly, and of which the 

 first payment is to be made at the end of 

 a year, may therefore be calculated in the 

 following manner. 



Suppose a person has 1001. due to him 

 a twelve month hence, and he wishes to 

 have the value of the same advanced im- 

 mediately, the sum which ought to be giv- 

 en as an equivalentthereto, allowing 5 per 

 cent, interest, is95 4*. 9^d.for this is the 

 sum, which, put out to interest, at the rate 

 of 5 per cent will, at the end of the year, 

 amount to 100Z. So also, if a person has 

 100/. due to him at the end of two years, 

 and he wishes to have the value of the 

 same advanced immediately, the sum 

 which ought to be given as an equivalent 



