ANT 



ANT 



disown personal and progressive sancti- 

 fication, and hold it to be inconsistent for 

 a believer to pray for the forgiveness of 

 sins. Although these principles will, by 

 some, be thought to lead to mischievous 

 consequences and practice, yet there are, 

 unquestionably, worthy men and virtuous 

 Christians, who avow Antinomian tenets. 

 To the young, the giddy, and the thought- 

 less, such sentiments might, if acted upon, 

 be the source of much evil ; but these, 

 like the doctrine of necessity, are rarely 

 believed, but by persons who have alrea- 

 dy attained to virtuous habits. 



ANTIPATHES, in natural history, a 

 genus of worms of the order Zoophyta. 

 An animal growing in the form of a plant : 

 stem expanded at the base, internally 

 horny, beset with small spines, externally 

 covered with a gelatinous flesh, beset 

 with numerous polype-bearing tubercles. 

 There are 13 species. A. spiralis inha- 

 bits the Indian, Mediterranean, and North 

 seas ; of a hard, horny, black substance, 

 exceeedingly brittle, very long, and va- 

 riously twisted, about the size of a writ- 

 ing pen A alopecuroides, with spinous 

 setaceous closely panicled branches ; in- 

 habits South Carolina ; about two feet 

 high, and rises from a broad spread base, 

 dividing into several large branches, flat 

 on one side, with a groove along the mid- 

 dle; it then subdivides into smaller 

 branches, forming close panicles, not un- 

 like the fox-tail grass : the outside grey- 

 ish, the inside black, and very brittle. 



ANTIPODES, in geography, a. name 

 given to those inhabitants of the globe that 

 live diametrically opposite to one another. 

 They lie under opposite parallels, and 

 opposite meridians. They have the same 

 elevation of their different poles. It is 

 mid-night with the one, when it is noon- 

 day with the other; the longest day with 

 one is the shortest with the other; and 

 the length of the day with the one is 

 equal to the night of the other. See 

 GLOBES, nse of. 



ANTIQUARY, a person who studies 

 and searches after monuments and re- 

 mains of antiquity. 



There were formerly, in the chief cities 

 of Greece and Italy, persons of distinc- 

 tion, called antiquaries, who made it their 

 business to explain the ancient inscrip- 

 tions, and give every other assistance in 

 their power to strangers, who were lovers 

 of that kind of learning. Foundations of 

 this kind have existed in England. Sir 

 H. Spelman speaks of a society of anti- 

 quaries in his time, which had been insti- 

 tuted in 1572, by Archbishop Parker, 



Camden, Sir Robert Cotton, Stowe, and 

 others. Application was made in 1589 

 to Queen Elizabeth for a charter, and 

 house, in which they might hold their 

 meetings, erect a library, &c. But the 

 death of the sovereign put an end to the 

 design. In 17 17, this society was revived 

 again, and has continued without inter- 

 ruption ; and at present, it is in a very 

 flourishing state, consiting of learned 

 men in every rank of life. The society 

 was incorporated in 1751, and began to 

 publish an account of its discoveries in 

 1770, under the title of " Archxologia :" 

 fifteen volumes in quarto are already pub- 

 lished. 



ANTIQUITIES, a term implying all 

 testimonies, or authentic accounts, that 

 have come down to us of ancient nations. 

 According to Lord Bacon, antiquities may 

 be considered as the wrecks of history, or 

 such particulars as industrious and learn- 

 ed persons have collected from genealo- 

 gies, inscriptions, monuments, coins, 

 names, etymologies, archives, instru- 

 ments, fragments of history, &c. : in this 

 sense the study of antiquities leads us to 

 inquire into the origin and early epochas 

 of every nation and people, whether an- 

 cient or modern. Hence the study of an- 

 tiquities, as a science, has become, in al- 

 most every civilized country, an interest- 

 ing pursuit to men of leisure and curiosi- 

 ty. By many persons it has been sufficient 

 to investigate the ancient remains of 

 Greece and Rome ; but others, who have 

 taken a more enlarged, and, what we 

 deem, a more proper view of the subject, 

 include in the science the antiquities of 

 the Jews, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Cartha- 

 ginians, and, in short, all those principal 

 nations mentioned in ancient history. Our 

 view of the subject must necessarily be 

 contracted, and the most we can aim at 

 is, to excite a laudable curiosity in the 

 young, and to direct them to objects that 

 may engage their attention, and to the 

 authors most likely to furnish information 

 under the several heads of inquiry and 

 research. 



This study has for its chief objects the 

 ceremonies, customs, and usages, which 

 obtained in ancient times, either with re- 

 gard to persons, places, or things. Writ- 

 ers have accordingly divided antiquities 

 into civil and ecclesiastisal ; including 

 under the former head whatever relates 

 to political, military, literary, and domes- 

 tic concerns; and under the latter, the 

 subjects connected with religion, as the 

 worship, discipline, and faith of ancient 

 times andj>eople. Christians have usually 



